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THE
READER'S HANDBOOK
OP
ALLUSIONS, REFERENCES, PLOTS
AND STORIES
WITH TWO APPBVDIOBS
' E. COBHAM ^REWER, LL.D.
TRINITY HALL, CAMBRIDGK AirraOK f>W " DICnOMAKY or PHKASB and PABLB " AND " GVIOB TO SCIBMCB."
V PHILADELPHIA
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
1880
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HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY FEB t3 1962
TO MT itivatenta, NELLIE AND AMY,
BY THEIB
AFFECTIONATE FATHER
P R B P A 0 B.
Tm object of this Handbook Is to supply roadera and speakers wHh a Incid, Uit Tery brief account of such names as are used in allusions and references^ whether by poets or prose writers, — to furnish those who consult it with the plot of popular dramas, the story of epic poems, and the outline of well-known tales. Who has not asked what such and such a book is about ? tnd who would not be glad to hare his question answered correctly in a few words ? When the title of a play is mentioned, who has not felt a desire to know who was the author of it?~for it seems a uniyersal practice to allude to tbo title of dramas without stating the author. And when reference is made to some character, who has not wished to know something specific about the person referred to? The object of this Handbook is to supply these wants. Thus, it gives in a few lines the story of Homer's Hiad and Odysatyy of Yiigirs .^ntid, Lucan's Pharsedia, and the Tliebaid of Statius ; of DantS*^ DwMie Comedy, Ariosto*8 OHando Furio90, and Tasso's Jeruacdem Delivered ; of Milton's Paradiae Lost and Paradise Regained; of Thomson's Seasons; of Oasian's tales, the Ntbelungen Lied of the Qerman minnesingers, the Bommes if the Rose, the Ltuiad of Camocns, the Loves of TkeagenSs and Charieleia by Heliodoms (fourth century), with the several story poems of dkaucer, Gbwer, Piers Plowman^ Hawes, Spenser, Drayton, Phineas Flptcber, Prior, Goldsmith, Campbell, 8outhey, Byron, Scott, Moore, Tenny- son, Longfellow, and so on. Far from limiting its scope to poets, the Hand- U»k tells, with similar bievity, the stories of our national fairy tales and ramanoes, such novels as those by Charles Dickens, Vanity nFair by Thackeray, the Basselas of Johnson, Otdliver*s Travels by Swift, the *^timeHtal Journey by Sterne, Don Quixote and Oil Bias, TelemacAus by Fenebn, and Undine by De la Motte Fouqu4. Great pains have been taken with the Arthurian stories, whether from sir T. Malory's collection or from the Mahinogion, because Tennyson has brought them to the front
Tiii PREFACE.
in his Idylls of the King; and the number of dramatic plots sketched out is many hundreds.
Another striking and interesting feature of the book is the revelation of the source from wliich dramatists and romancers have derived their stories, and the strange repetitions of historic incidents. Compare, for example, the stratagem of the wooden horse by which lYoy was taken, with those of Abu Obeidah in the siege of Arrestan, and that of the capture of Sark from the French, p. 454. Compare, again, Dido's cutting the hide into strips, with the story about the Yakutsks, p. 164 ; that of Romulus and l^mus, with the story of Tyro, p. 843 ; the Shibboleth of Scripture stoiy, with those of the "Sicilian Vespers,** and of the Danes on St. Bryce*s Day, p. 904 ; the story of Pisistratos and his two sons, with that of Cosmo de Medici and his two grandsons, p. 771; the death of Marcus Licinius Crassus, with that of Manlius Nepos Aquilius, p. 392 ; and the famous " Douglas larder,** with the larder of Wallace at Ardrossan, p. 269. Witness the numerous tales resembling that of William Tell and the apple, p. 980 ; of the Pied Piper ot Hamclin, p. 766 ; of Llewellyn and his dog Qelert, p. 369 ; of bishop Hatto and the rats, p. 429 ; of Ulysses aud Poly phemos, p. 1050 ; and of lord Lovers bride, p. 571. Witness, again, the parallelisms of David in his flight from Saul, and that of Mahomet from the Koreishites, p. 937 ; of Jephtha and his daughter, and the tale of Idomeneus of Crete, or that of Agamemnon aud Iphigenia, p. 491 ; of Paris and Sextus, p. 895 ; Salome and Fulvia, p. 864 ; St. Patrick preaching to king 0*Kcil, and St Areed before the king of Abysidnia, p. 738 ; with scores of others mentioned in this Handbook.
In the appendix are added two lists, which will lie found of great use : the first contains the date and author of the several dramatic works set down ; and the second, the date of the divers poems or novels given under their author's name.
To ensure accuracy, every work alluded to in this large volume has been read personally by the author expressly for this Handbook, and since the compilation was commenced ; for although, at the beginning, a few others were employed for the sake of despatch, the author read over for himself, while the sheets were passing through the press, the works put into their hands. The very 'minute references to words and phrases, book and chapter, act and scene, often to page and line, will be sufiBcient guarantee to the reader that thia assertion is not overstated.
The work is in a measure novel, and cannot fieul to be usefuL It is owned that Charles Lamb has told, and told well, the Tales of Shakespeare ; but Charles Lamb has occupied more pages with each tale than the Handbook lias lines. It is also true that an '* Argument*' is generally attached to each book of an epic story ; but the reading of these rhapsodies is like reading an
PREFACE.
iadflx — few have patience to wade through them, and fewer still ohtain there- from any clear idea of the spirit of the actors, or the progress of the story. Brevity has been the aim of this Handbook, but clearness has not been ncrificed to terseness; and it has been borne in mind throughout that it is not enough to state a fact, — it must be stated attractively, and the eharacter described must be drawn characteristically, if the reader is to appredate it, and feel an interest in what he reads.
It would be most imjust to conclude this preface without publicly scknowled^ng the great obligation which the author owes to the printer's reader while the sheets were passing through the press. He seems to have entered into the very spirit of the book ; his judgment has been sound, his queries have been intelligent, his suggestions invaluable, and even some of the artides were supplied by him.
Notwithstanding the care of both of us, some few errors in the earlier parts of the book escaped notice till it was too late to correct them, and that these errors may not be perpetuated, a table of corrigenda is given on tlie next page.
Thb Author. Lavani, ClUeheslerm
Tbon venet Introduced but not ilgned, or dgned with initials only, are I7 the author of the Handbook. They are the Stomello Vereea, p. 948; None* and Ides. p. 689 ; the Seven Wise Men, p. tm; the Seven Wonders of the World, p. 894; and Uie foUowitig transUUons :— L^caii's "Ser^ penta," p. 7S9; "Veni Wakefield peranuenum," p. 373; spedmen of Tyrtans, p. 1047 ; '^Yoe non ToMa,"?. 1075; - Rol d'Yvetot," p. 113S; -Non amo tc"p. U3S; Marot's epigram, p. 669; epigram m a riolin, p. 1079 ; epignun on the Fair lloflamond, p. 844 ; the Heidelberg ton, p. 1040 ; Diamaa and Oeamaa. pp. 148, 375 ; - Boger Bontcmpe," p. 839 ; •« Le bon roi Dagobert," p. 678 ; " Panvre Jacqnes," p. 741 ; VliiEirs epitaph, p. 1070; **Canctis mare," p. 874; "Ni fallat latum," p. 879; 8t. Elmo, p. 859 ; Baviad, etc, pp. 85, 691 ; aereral oracular responaea (see Pbophect, p. 796 ; Woodeii Walxj^P. 1117; etc); andmanyothcn. The chief ol^ of this note la to pcerent any naelMS karcfa after these trifles.
CONTENTS OF THE VOLUME.
Aoimftb admitted iato paradifle, p. 983 ; ammala with hamaa speech, p. 1073.
Atheos, ihe violet-crowned city, p. 1070.
Authors and dates of dramas, operas, and oratorios. Appendix I.
(Mdren of pceoodoos genius, p. 789 ; calculating bojs, p. 149.
Cariosities connected with dates, dynasties, names, and letters (see M).
IXates of poems, novels, tales, and so on, of our best authors. Appendix II
Death by wild horses, p. 1102 ; death from strange causes, p. 242.
Dying words of historic characters, p. 282.
Ebstic tents, ships, horses, and carpets, p. 983.
Bod of the world, p. 1118 ; an endless tale, p. 615, ool. 2, last Bit
JSmn of references and illustrations,, pp. 301-7 ; anachronisms, p. 34 ; eta
Kiaminations, stock books and pieces for, p. 1009.
Fbote^ £tfrago of nonsense, p* 727 ; ** An Austrian army • . •" p. 719 ; Tom
TuM^s T totals, p. 968; Stomello Yorses, p. 948; ^'The cipher you
ai^ for," p. 190. Bannoiuous blacksmith, who, and where he lived, p. 1096. Historical, l^endary, dramatic, and other parallels. Kings of Ireland, p. 1049, art. Ulster ; kings of England, p. 617 ; kings oi
France, p. 618 ; surnames of kings, pp. 511-16. (See Sovebeions.)
Legends, such as ** The Devil's Dyke," Brighton, p. 249 ; the " Jackdaw of Bhdms,** p. 826 ; the sinner saved, p. 915 ; and many others.
of bo^ names, p. 675 ; of noted diamonds and nuggets, dwarfs and giants, fools and jesters ; favourites of great men, p. 673 ; improvisators ; kings with character names, pp. 611-16; knights; literary impost(HV, pp. 469-70 ; of lives exceeding 100 years, p. 564 ; of lord mayors who have founded noble houses, p. 626 ; of medical quacks, yp. 804-6 ; of the oaths of great men, relics, revolutionary songs, ring posies, runners, the sagas ; instances of spontaneous combustion, p. 938 ; water standards, pp. 941; strong men, pp. 949-50; the ill-fated Stuarts, p. 960; sum- moDseB to death, p. 954 ; famous swimmers, p. 964 ; United States of America, p. 30; warning-givers, pp. 1082-87 ; etc.
xii CONTENTS.
Marriage a civil contract in Shakespeare's time (see Vincentio, p. 1068).
Men with tails, p. 969 ; men turned to wolves, p. 1114.
Miracle-workers or Thaumaturgi, p. 988.
Musical instruments which played at a bidding, p. 979.
Names and characters of dramas, novels^ tales, romances, epic poems, etc. .
Nine tailors make a man, p. 970.
Numbers associated with great names : as September 3 with Cromwell, p. 222 ; number 2 with Napoleon, p. 677 ; number 7 with lUenzi, p. 892 ; number 88 with the Stuarts, p. 951 ; number 2 unlucky in the English dynastiea, p. 1045 ; number 3, pp. 997-99.
Omens of evil averted, p. 1034.
Painters and sculptors who have rivalled nature, p. 721 ; characteristics of noted artists, pp. 721-22.
Parallel tales : as Per ret te and her milk-pail, p. 753 ; Scogan's jest, p. 878 ; the " House that Jack built," p. 456 ; Pamell's Eemnt, p. 440 ; Wolsey's remark, " Had I but served my God . . ." p. 891 ; Shylock and Samp- son Ceneda, p. 907 ; sir Philip Sidney at Zutphen, Alexander, and David, p. 908 ; Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves and Tycho in German " history," p. 1046 ; Don Quixote and the flock of sheep, p. 901 ; William Tell and the apple, p. 980; Trajan, Hadrian, and Philip, with importunate women, 1022 ; and scores of others.
Pests, the use of, p. 1054.
Plots of plays, the stories of epic poems, ballads, and other tales in verse and prose. Travellers' tales, p. 1023 ; the romance of Beubous pictures : as Hogarth's " Undertakers* Arms," p. 606 ; Doyle's immortal " Punch and Toby," p. 1012 ; and many othera.
Poets, p. 778 ; cluster poets, p. 775 ; cyclic poets, p. 230.
Pseudonyms, epinyms, nicknames, titular surnames, names of similitude^ initialisms, pet names given to French kings (p. 518), etc.
Saints who are patrons of diseases, places, and trades, pp. 860-62.
^ience, heresy of, p. 438 ; men of science persecuted, p. 1111.
Sex changed, p. 1115.
Sleepers or men not dead, but only biding their time, pp. 919-29.
Slo-Fair, Chichester, p. 922.
Snap, Norwich ; another at Metz, p. 925.
Snow Kings, p. 927 ; White King, p. 1098 ; White Queen, p. 806.
Sovereigns of England, their titles and superscriptions, p. 849 ; the days of their death, p. 933 ; the fatality of three successors, p. 517 ; Saturday not a fatal day, pp. 871 and 933 ; etc. (See Kings.)
Speech pussetiscd by dumb animab, p. 1073; given to conceal thought, p. 936.
CONTENTS. xiii
I
StimulaDts used by public actors and orators, p. 946. -
St4xk Exchange iiicknamcii, p. 916.
i^ti^'ei nomenclature.
Striking lines of noted authors, and sayings of great men.
Superstitions and traditions about animals, precious stones, etc., pp. 965-61.
Thieves screened by kings, p. 992 ; thieves of historic note, pp. 99^94 ; the
penitent and impenitent, 248. The Times newspaper, p. 1006.
The twelve Table Knights; twelve Palvlius; twelve Wise Masters; etc. Thive a sacred number, pp. 997-99.
Thirteen precious things, p. 994 ; thirteen unlucky, p. 996. Titles and superscriptions of the popes, p. 786. Toad with an R, p. 1012. Touching for the kini-'s evil, p. 1019. Transformations, p. 1023.
Trees noted for specific virtues and uses, pp. 1025-31 ; largest in the world, p. 1025.
Unincky possessions, p. 1052.
Vicarious punishment (art Zeleucxjs), p. 1129 ; whipping boys, p. 1096.
Vulnerable parts of different heroes, p. 1076 ; invulnerability, p. 474.
Warning-givers, pp. 1082-87.
Waste time uUIized, p. 1088.
Welsh Triads, pp. 999-1001.
Wind sold, p. 1108.
Wines namc^ from their effects, p. 1109; three-men wine, p. 1109; the rascal who drank wine out of a boot, p. 1010 (see Tun).
Women changed to men; made of flowers; the nine worthy; ahandoned women, p. 1115.
WoodeD hone of Troy and parallel stories, p. 1117.
(Tisdom honoured, p. 1110; wisdom persecuted, p. 1111.
W1>en no page is added, look usder the word with a capital Initial letter.
THE READER'S HANDBOOK.
AA'BOH', A Moor, bdonred by Tam'- •im, qoem of the Gofcho, in the tragedy of 7&hi9 .ibidiroii'tcMf, published amongst Aeplajs of Shakespeare (1593).
(The classic name is Andrcmiau, hat fte character of this play is purely fictitionB.)
Aanm (3L), a British mart^ of the City of Legions {Newport^ in Soath Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Haximian'us Herculins, general in foitain, of the aimy of Diocle'tian. Two dtiordies were founded in the City of Legjlions, one in honour of St. Aaron and one in honour of his fellow-martyr, St. Jnlins. Newport was called Oterleon by tlkC British.
.. inlfld dMir doctrine with Uidr blood t aad vtth ld« St. Aaron, hmn tholrnMm imli hr INodetiMi'sdoom.
Aas'ix (8%'>)t •<> ^^ queen of Sheba or Saba u sometimes called ; but in the Koran she is called Balkis (di. xxvii.).
Abflul'don. an angel of the bottomless pit (Rev, ix. 1 1). The word is derived from the Hebrew, abad, *Most,** and means the iott <me. There are two other angels intro- daced by Klopstock in The Messiah witik rioular names, but must not be con- founded .with the angel referred to in Ret.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the odier Abbad'ona, the repentant deriL
AVaris, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride uircugh the air. — See Dictimarv of Phrase ana FdU.
Abbad'ofna» once the friend of Ab'- disl, was drawn into the rebellion of Satan half unwillingly. In hell he con- itaatly bewailed his fall, and reproved his pndt aad blasphemy. He
openly declared to the inf^mals that he would take no part or lot in SatAn*s scheme for the death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate rate we are not told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon, the angel of death, says —
"For thee. Abbadouo. I havo no ordora. Hov loof tbo« art ponaittad to iMsaln on aartli I knov not. nor whachar tbea wflt be allowed to we the rcMirecUoo of the Lord of glory . . . but be noc deeelreiLllioa caMt notrlewHIm wtththeJoT ofthe radeeniad.'' "TctiK ■WMe Him. let me MO HGn r— KIopMock, Th$ If aula*, xiU.
Abbervllle (Lord)^ a young noble- man, 28 years of aee, who has for travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary, wholly igno- rant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young man runs wantonlv wild, s(}uander8 his money, and gives loose to his passions almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed by his honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his father's executor, Mr. Mortimer. This ** fashionable lover** promises marriage to a vulgar, malicious city minx named Lncinda Bridgemorc, but is saved from this pitfall also.— Cum- berland, The Fashumabie Lover (1780).
Abdal-asis, the Moorish governor «f SpAin after the overthrow of king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic sovereignty, his subieots were so offended that they revolted and murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick. — Southey, Roderick, etc, xxii. (1814).
Ab'dalas'iz (Omar ben), a caliph
nused to " Mahomet's bosom in reward
of bis great abstinence and self-deniaL —
fferbeiot, 690.
He wa« by no means Kmpaloaf ; nor did he think wMi the eaUph Omar ban Abdaladi that H wai neMa- r to make a he|] of this worki to eojoy farM*tT In th* L—W. BackfMd, roMe* (1786).
m
ABDALDAR.
ABSOLON.
Abdal'dar, one of the magicians ia the Domdaniel cavcmSi *^ under the roots of the ocean." The se spirits were destined to be destroyed by one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 syl.)^ so they persecuted the race even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'abai and Abdaldar was appointed b^ lot to find him out and kill him. Ho discovered the stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him, and he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits. — Southey, Thalaba the De»troyer, ii. iii. (1797).
Abdalla, one of sir Brian de Bois Gnilbert's slaves. — Sir W. Soott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.).
Abdal'lah, brother and predecessor of Giaf fer (2 «y/.), pacha of Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha. — Byron, JSride of Abydos,
Abdallah el Hadgi, Saladin^s en- voy.—Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.).
^ Abdals or Santons, a class of re- li^onists who pretend to be inspired with tiie most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded with great vene- ration by ihtt vulgar. — 0/«arrM, i. 971.
Abde'rian Laughter, scoffing laughter, so called from Abdfra, the birth [)lace of Democ'ritos, the scoffing or laughing philosopher.
Ab'dieL the faithfal seraph who withstood Satan when he urged those under him to revolt.
. . . tbownrph AbdM. MOtM ttmd Anongthefmlthleai; CidUirul only b« AmonKlnntnncnibletebv: nnmorad, Ofwiialtcn, unaaduenl. unterrified. Hli Utnltf he kept, his love, lik aeaO.
MOton. PmrodiM Lott. r. 888, etc. aWS).
Abensbers {Covnt), the father of thirty-two children. When Hcinrich II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers present^ their offerings, the count brought forward his thir^'-two children, *' as tiie most valuable offering he could make to his king and eovakiry.
Abes'sa, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's FaSry Queen, i. 8. She is the paramour of Kirk- rapine, who used to rob churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, dau^^ter of Ck>zceea {Blmdman
Abney, called Young Aimey^ th« friend of colonel Albert Lee, a rovalist. — Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, tiie Com- monwealth).
Abon Hassan, a young merchant of Bagdad, and hero of the tale called " The Sleeper Awakened," in the jlra6Min Nights Entertainments, While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palnce of Haroim-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do ever}'thhig tiiey ean to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes the caliph's chief favourite.
Shakespeare, in the induction of Taming of the Shrewj befools "Chris- topher Sly'* in a similar way, but Sly thinks it WB» ** nothing but a dream."
Philippe le Bon^ duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora, tried the same trick. — ^Burton, Anatomy of Melan-' choly, ii. 2, 4.
Abra, the most beloved of Solomon*! concubines.
Pnrfte their odour loet and meats thdr tute^ If gentle Abm hud Hot decked the fMMt; Dmionouncd did the *p«rUing gimlet etand, Unlea recetred fhMn gentle Abni's hand ; . . . Nor oould mjr ao«l approve the nwdc's tone Till an waa hiMhed, and Abra nng alone.
M. Prior. Sotonum {ISSt-lTfl).
Ab'radas, the great Macedonian pirate.
Ahradae, the great Kaoedonkui pInU, liMM^t ereijr one had a letter of mart that bare aa^ln In the ooeaiu— Greene. PmiloiHtt Wtb (1601).
Anbraham's Offering {Qen, xxii.). Abraham at the command of God laid his only son Isaac upon an altar to sacrifice him to Jehovah, when his lumd was stayed and a ram substituted for Isaac.
So Agamemnon at Aulis was about to offer up his daughter Iphi^eni'a at the command of ArtSmis (/>iana), when Artemis carried her off m a cloud and substituted a stag instead.
Abroc'oiiias, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of JCohesfacay by Xenophon of Ephesus (not toe historian).
Ab'salom, in Dryden's Absalom and Achitophelf is meant for the duke of Monmouth, natural son of Qiarles II. (David), Like Absalom, the duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was loved and rebcllioub ; and like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685).
Ab'soloQ, a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, His hair was curled, his lyiioee slashed, his hoM red. He oould let Uowd, out b«i^ sad
ABSOLUTE.
ACHILLES.
dhiv«L fioild dance, and pla^ dlibet on the ribiblc or the gittern. This ny spark paid hia addresMa to Mistreaa iJison, the joai^ wife of John, a ridi but aeed car- penter; bat Aliion herself loved a poor scholar named Nicholaa, a lodger in the boose.— TV JTOfer't TaU (1888).
Absolute {Sir Anthony), a testy, bnt vana-heaited old gentleman, who ima- gineB that he pooaesseo a mast angelie temper, and when he ^oarrels with hit son, the captain fanciea it is the son who is •at of temper, and not himself. Smol- lett's ''Matthew Bramble "eridently sog- ccsted this character. WilHam Dowton (1764-1851) was tiie best actor of this part
Oapiain AhmjheU, son of sir Anthony, in knre with Lydia Languish, the heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Berer- fej. Bob Acres, his neij^bour, is his ml, snd sends a challenge to the un- known ensign ; bat when he finds thai CBsi^ Bcrerley is captain Absolute, he declines to fight, and rengns all farther daim to the lady's hand.— Sheridan, Th§ '' " (177»).
ShUta^fiz;
ft
tonoM hdr of
Aba'dah, in the Talet oftheGetm^hy H. Bidley, is a wealthy merchant of Bag- dad, who goes in quest of Uie talisman of Oroma'nls, which ne is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every Bigfat and makes his life wretched. He fi^ at last that the talisman which is to free him of this hag [p(mtaence\ is to ''fear God and keep His eommand- its."
Ab^dak, in the drama called The ^effe if Damatau, by John Hughes (1720), is tte next in command to Cal^ in the Anbisn army set down before Damascus. Ihoogh undonbtedly brave, he prefers Ksee to war; and when, at the death of uled, he saoeeeda to the chief command, he auikes peace with the Syrians on hsaooiable tenna.
Attic hero, whose puden was selected by Plato for the place «f his leetores. Hence his disciples were ciUcd the "Academic sect."
ilimf of 4iBflwBiy^ ^
k'dia (ue. Nova SooHa), so called bf the Frendi from the river [SKKft^n]- ""^ In 1631 Acadin was given to sir
. itaaaae ehapged I
and in 1756 the old French settlers were driven into exile by George II. Long- fellow has made this the sul^ect of a poem in hexameter verse, called Evan'g^lme (4 sy/.).
Aoas'to (Lord), father of Seri'no, Cast«lio, and Polydore ; and guardian of Monimia "the orphan.** He bved to sea the death of his sons and his ward. Polydore ran on his brotlier*s sword, Caa- talio stabbed himself, and Monimia took poison.— Otway, The Orphan (1680).
Aocidente! (4 ayl.), a earse and oath much used in Italy.
leeUMtelMqal TMidIrt «■ bos frmftgab : Pnit-ta ■MMfir d'aocMenl, auu ooaflMdoo, daaoA.— Mooa. AkMt, rwto fft Uto).
Aoes'tee (3 ayl.). In a trial of skill Aeest^Sjthe Sicilian, discharged his arrow with such force that it took fire from the friction of the ^,—The jEneid, Bk. Y.
Like AtmtihB' tkalt of eM. The swIA thoftfht kindle* •• U fliea.
LoftfMIew, PtmOkOd,
Aobates [A-ka'-tene], called by Virgil " fidus Achates." The name has become a synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but is generally used laughingly.- TheJEneid*
Be, ttke Aokalee. Mthftil to ttie towb.
BjrroD, Dvm Jium^ !• lie.
Adher'ia, the fox. went partnership with a bear m a bowl of milk. Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the milk ; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says the fox, " Here is the bowl ; one sh^ have the cream, and the other all the rest: choose, friend, which yon Uke.** The bear told the fox to take the cream, and thus bruin had only the mud* —A Baaque Tale,
A similar tale occurs in Campbeirs P<mHlarTalesqltheW€BtHighiand9{m,m. called "The Keg of Butter." The wolf chooses the bottom when " oats ** were the object of choice, and the top when '^pota- toes " were the sowing.
BabeUis tails the same tale abooft a farmer and the devil. Each was to have on alternate yean what grew under and ooer the soil. The farmer sowed tumipa and carrots when the uader-wl product came to his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the oo^r-soil produce.
Adieron, the " River of Grief," and one of the five rivers of hell ; hell itself. (Gieek, axot p*-. " I flow with grief.*')
Iftl AdMraa of wiTow. black and deep.
Milton. ^WmUm £««C U. VS (IMHi
AoldllM (3 <y^), the haaa ef tte
ACHILLES' HEEL.
ACRES.
allied Greek army in the siege of Troy, and king of the Myr'midoni. — See Duy tionaryof Phrase awi Fable,
The English Achilles^ John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury (1873-1453).
The duke of Wellington is bo called sometimes, and is represented by a statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to Apsley House (1769-1862).
The Achilles of Oemumy, Albert, elec- tor of Brandenburg (1414-1486).
Achilles of JRomej Sicinlus Denta'tus (pat to death b.o. 4o0).
Achilles' HeeL the vulnerable part. It is said that when Thetis dipped her son in the river Styx to make him invulner- able, she held him bv the heel, and the part covered bv her hand was the only part not washed by the water, lllis is a post-Homeric story.
rHanoTw] ii the AcfallW hed to iDTulaenbto BDgbii4.
^Sometimes Ireland is called the Achil- les^ heel of England.)
*m* Similarly, the only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot, and hence when Bernardo del Carpio assailed him at Roncesvall^, and found that he could not wound him, he lifted him up in his arms and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did Antn'os.
Achilles' Spear. Tslephns tried to stop the march of the Greek army on its wav to Troy; and received a wound from Achilles. The oracle told him as "Achil- les gave the wound, only Achilles could cure it.** Whereupon Telephus went to the tent of the hero, and was cured, some sav by a herb called "Achilles,** and others say by an emplastrium of rust scraped from the spear. Hence it was said that " Achilles* spear could boUi hurt and heaL** — Plin. xxv. 6.
WhoM nnne and ttown, like to AohlllaA' spear, U able wtUi tb« ehange to kill or cure.
Shakwpeare. i Bttrp VI. act r. n. 1 (ISPl).
Aohit'ophel, "Him who drew Achit- ophel," Dryden, author of the fomous political satire of Absalom and Achit- ophel, "David** is Charles II. ; his rebcl- hons son "Absalom** is the king*s natural son, the handsome but rebellions James duke of Monmonth; and " Achitophel,** the traitorous counsellor, is the eail of Shaftesbury, "for close designs and crooked counsels fit.**
Can anaer at him who drew Achltophd.
Q)rron, Dom Juan, DL 100. TImm is a portrait of the ffnt earl of Shaftetbunr (rqid«a% " AdOtoplMl ')astord«baaaritar«f liiglHid. dad
In ash-eolonred robes, Iwcause ha bad the bar.— K Tates. OtMrMn. zrUL
Acidali&jkf ountain in Bceo'tia, sacred to Venus. The Graces used to bathe therein. Venus was called Acid&lia (Vir- gil, jEneid, i. 720).
After ibe vaary was With bathing In the Addaliaii brook.
flipeoser. KpUhalamUm (ISBD.
A'ds, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nvmph Galate'a. The monster Poly- pheme (3 sy/.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and crushed him under a huge rock. The blood of Acis was changed into a river of the same name at the foot of mount Etna.
Not aoeh a pipe, good reader, m ttiat which Ads did sweetly tone In pnuM of hli Galatea, bat one of true Drift manufliettire.— W. Irving.
Ackland (Sir Thomas)j a royalist — Sir W. Scott, Woodstock (time, the Com-- monwealth).
Ao'oe (8 syl.)f " hearing,** in the New Testament sense {Rom, x. 17), "Faith comeiii by hearing.*' The nurse of Fido [faith']. Her daughter is Meditation. (Greek, oWe, "heanng.**)
with blni {nrith] bis nvne went, careftd Aeol, Wboie bauds first finom his mother's wooib did talw Mm.
And ever rfnee bare fostered teuderij.
Phin. Fletcher. Th« FurpU lOan*, Is. (163Q.
Aoras'ia, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an ^ichantress living in the " Bower of Bliss,** in " Wandering Island.'* She had the power of trans- forming her lovers into monstrous shapes ; but sir Guyon (temperance)^ having caught her in a net and oound her, broke down her bower and burnt it to ashes. — FaSry Queen, u. 12 (1590).
Acra'tes (8 syl.). Incontinence per- sonified in The Purple Island, by Fhineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz., Methos (drunkenness) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii. (Greek, akHLtes, " incontinent.")
Acra'tes (Ssyl.), Incontinence personified in The FaHru Qwten, by Spenser. He is the father of C^moch'lSs and PyrochlSe. — Bk. u. 4 (1690).
Acres (Bob), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley, alitu captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish, the heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gettf himself up as a loud swell. and uses "sentimental oaths,** i.e. oaths bearing on the subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, ods triggers and flints ; ii clothes, ods frogs and tam- bours; if music, ods minnwns [minims] and crotchets: Ulai^cf^ ods blushes and bloomth
ACRISIUS.
ADAH.
TUi he ktmt from * militiA officer, who
Md him the ancients swore by Jove,
Bwehns, Man, Yenns, Minerva, etc,
aooordiiig to the sentiment Bob Acres
is a great blusterer, and talks big of his
dazini;, hot when pot to the push " his
eoaiase always oozed oat of his fingers*
eods.^ J. Quick was the originalBob
Aer^— Sheridan, The SkaU (1776).
^ Anr Us pidBa SM 4(9«^ valov ooM IS vf(tw«Mw4. 1 know net hmr.
Acrialufl, fatiier of Dan'aS. An rnele declared that Danad would give birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisins kept his daughter shut mp in an tpaitment under ground, or (as some sav) in a brazen tower. Here she became the Bother of Per'seus (2 syL), by Jupiter in tile form of a shower of {^old. Tne king of Aigos now ordered his daughter and her in&nt to be put into a chest, and eist adrift on the sea, but they were raned by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood, Perseus accidentallv struck the foot of Acrisius witii a quoit, ■ad the blow caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in The Earthiy randue (April).
Aota^'on, a hunter, changed by Diana iato a stag. A synonym for a cuckold. for ftwcavB and wUfbl
jr«rnrinMi; «C&. act UL le. 9 a«ss).
Aete'a, » female slave faithful to Nero 11 his falL It was this hetsra who vn|»ped the dead body in cerements, and ■w it decently interred.
fth, ictm «M btntfftiL 8h« «m SMtod on fha Wmtiikm hmd at Mcro wm on her lap, U* naked bodf Wi^mehad oa thaw vfiidhif-ilMcts in which the was ^••MiUaii.tohqrbhninhJsgnMPaaiMMitliBi "^ '" Artmdmi.L7.
AeftkoB Sinoe'roflL the nom de plwne ^ ^ Italian poet sannazaro, called "The Qiristian VirgU " (1468-1630).
Actors and Aotresaes. The last ■ale actor that took a woman's character «a the stage was Edward Rynaston, noted for his bcautv (1619-1687}. The first femle actor for hire was Mrs. Saunder- •on, afterwards Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712.
Ad, Ad'itea (2 syl). Ad is a tribe d«caided from Ad, son of Uz, son of I rem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Onfnsion of BabeL went ttdsettled on Al-Ahkif [the Winding JwA], in the province of Hadramaut McdM was their first king, but in conse- tof his pride, both he and all tl^
tribe perished, either from drought off the Sarsar (an icy twicf).— Sale's Konm, U
Woa, woe. to Ireoi I Woe to Ad I Dthbygaeaplatohef palaeeil . . . Xhgrfdlaroandnie. Tbotaandi fen around.
The Unc and aU hk peoide feU ;
An. aU. ther perUtedaUT Southcjr. Tal4Mha U* Dettrot^. L A. 4B a797).
A'dah, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer through the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and child, where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and fervent in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal affection. She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain~
HewloTalrbaapiwanI HbUMledM In thcfa- puia bieanMtion. irylng wlUi The rate wavee ctrawn baneath tboaa. And hb Ilpc too.
How beai^MiIlr parted f Ho : yon ihan not Kla hia ; at laart not ndw. BawiUawalMi Hii hour of middajr net is naarijr over.
Byran.OfliNb
Adawi. In Qreek this word is com- pounded of the four initial letten of the cardinal quarters:
Arktos, . &p«rot . north. Dusis, . *•»•« . west, Auatold, ^ . iMMQrto\i\ . east. Heaembria, titcntifiitia south.
The Hebrew word ADM forms the ana- gram of A [dam], Dfavid], M[e8siah].
Adam, how made. God created the body of Adam of Salxady ue. dry, unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soiu. The clay was coUei^ied by Azaiael from the four quarters of the earth, and God, to show His approval of Azarael*a choice, constituted nim the ai^el of death. — ^Rabadau.
Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, After the fall Adam was placed on mount Vassem in the cast ; Eve was banished to Djidda (now (ledda, on the Arabian coast) ; and the Serpent was exiled to the coast ol £blehh.
After tiie lapse of 100 years Adam rdoined Eve on mount Arafaith [place of Memembranoe] , near Mecca. — D'Ohsson.
Death of Adam, Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930 years. Michael swaithed his body, and Crabriel discharged the funeral rites. The body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz {the grotto of treaxvarel, which overlooks Mecca.
His descendants at death amounted to
40,000 soula.--D'0hs8on.
When Noah eaiarad the ark (ttie aitne writer m^ ha took Um body of Adam In a ooflbi with him, and wiiea ha left the ark raetorod it to the place be had taken It from.
Adam, a bailiff, a jailor.
Hot that Adam that iwpt the paradieew but that Adas thai keep* tlie prison.— flhakeqieara. OomtAm ^ . aetlT.acSaili).
ADAH.
AdaMf ft faithful retainer in the family of air Rowland de Boys. At the age of four score, he voluntarily accompanied his young master Orlando into exile, and offered to give him his little savings. He has given birth to the phrase, '* A faithful Adam** [or fnan-«erran<].— ^hakespearoi A8 You lAke It (1598).
Adam's Ale, vrater.
Adam's Brofessioiiy tillage, gar- dening.
Whaa Admi Mvvd and ■*• ■pan, Wlw was ttm ttM amlemaaT
Baj*! i*rpMrte.
Tbcra b no anekot flsndannaa Imt fardinan. dHdMn, and gimT»-iitaken ; they bold ap Adamli pwrfiarioii. — Shakaqioara. iTiwaM. aetr. n. 1 (lODS).
Adam. Bell, a northern outlaw, noted for his archenr. The name, like those of Clym of theClough, William of Clondesly, Robin Hood, and Little John, is synony- mous with a good archer.
Adamas or Adamant, the mineral called corun'dum, and sometimes the dia- mond, one of thehardest substances known.
Albncbt waa as flrai ai Adamai.— Sdunldl; Qtrm, MUL (traiulatad).
Adamastor, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly pallor, *^ erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black, his teeth blue and diqointed, his beard haggard, his face ■cajred by lijj^htning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to trespass *' where never hero braved his rage be- fore?" He then told them <* that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their foolhardiness."— Camoens, The Lusiady v. (1569).
Adam'ida, a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints, martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered at the crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the earth, ■o as to produce a total eclipse.
AdamMa. In obedleoee to tha dlvina eoaomand. flew amUat overwhebninc Btorau, nnhing doudi. (kUlas laoontalM, and iweUing seaa. Urid itood on the pola af tha ttar, bat ao kMt In dcap coBtainplatkm on Oolvaiha. that be haerd not the wild uproar. On eominc to tha ngion of the ran. Adamlda ahckcned her oourae. and ad- Tandag before tha ana. eorcred Hs &m« and InUraeptad all lU raj*.— Klopatock. Tkt Mmriak, vUL (1771).
Ada.mH (John)^ one of the mutineers of the Bountf/ (1790), who settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to morals. In l§iB9 the colony was voluntarilv i)Iaced under the pro- tection of the liritish Government.
6 ADiaA.
Ada$n8 (Parson), the beaa4deal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but eccentric coimtry cleivyman, of unswerving in- tegrity, solid learning, and genuine piety ; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as a girl in all personal matters ; wholly ignorant of the world, being "m it but not of it.** — ^Fielding, Joseph An- drtnos (1742).
Hh Innlnc. bla rfmpUdt^. hb tnuisilleal paritgr ol mind are ao adnilTabljr nUnjled with padantxy. abaenca ol aaind. and thahablt of athletic. . . axerdaaa . . . ttiat he niaj be aafalf tanned one of the rleheat prodoctlDaa d the moaa of fletlon. Like don Qaixota, painon Adaau la beaten a little too nwieh and too often, bat the eodaal lighU opon hia ihaaldan . . . withoat the iHgbteat ati& to hk reputation.— Sir W. SeotL
Adder (deaf). It is said in fable that the adder, to prevent hearing the voice of a charmer, lays one ear on the ground and sticks his tail into the other.
. . . when man woMa hhn endiantew Ra lejmtb down* one ewe an flat Unto the oroonde^ and halt It faat; And dee &at other aara ala flute He atoppeth with hIa talOe ao mm That ha the wordei^ laaae or mora. Of hia endiantflment ne bereth. Gowar, Da 0»nf«M<aiM AmantU, L s. (liUI^
Adder's Tongue, that is, oph'io-
glos'sum.
For them that are with [bjl nawti, or anakea^ ar addwa
atung. He aaekaai oat an herb that* acalMd adder'a toMoa.
Jkmrtoa, Pvt^MUn, xBLCMEn).
Ad'dison of the 19'orth, Henry Mackenzie, author of The Man of Feeling (1746-1881).
Adelaide, daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore. She is killed by her fother in mistake for another. — ^^bt. Jephson, Count of Nar^ bonne (1782).
Adeline (Lady), the wife of lord Henry Amun'devUle (4 syL), a highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses of the upper ten. After the narliamentary sessions this noble pair filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of Fitz-
Fulke, the duke of D , Aurora Raby,
and don Juan "the Russian envoy. *^ The tale not bein^ finished, no sequel to these names is given. fFor the l^dv't character, see xiv. 64-56.) — ^Byron, Von Juan, xiii. to the end.
Ad'emar or Adema'ro, archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical warrior in Tas80*8 JermcUem Delivered, — See Dio- tionary of Phrase and Fable,
Adio'ia, wife of the soldan, who in- cites him to distress the kingdom of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to negotiate peace,
ADIGU8.
ADOSINDA.
Adidft, fai TiobUion of intematioDiLl Uw, tfcrmstft h&r [SftmieDt] out of doors like a dtfT, and sets two kni^ts upon her. Sir Artcnl comes to her rescue, stiacks the tvo uugfats, and knocks one of them tnm his saddle with snch force that he kieaks his neck. After the discomfitnre of the soldan, Adicia rashes forth with a knife to stab Samient, bat, being inter- cepted by sir Artegal, Is changed into a tigress. — Sncnacr, /bery Ommh, t. 8 (1596).
%^The <*8oldan** is king Philip II. of Spam ; ** Mercilla ** b qneen Elizabeth ; ** Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the b^otry of popery : and " Samient '* the smbossadors of Holland, who went to Philip for redress of grievances, and were most iniqoitoaslj detuned by him ss prisoners.
AdlcuSy UnrigfateousnetfB personified ia canto rii. of Tke Purple Jhtand (1<33), by Phineas FleCdter. He has eight sons and dau^ters, viz., Ee'thros (Aoftvrf), Ens {variamee) a daogfater, Zeks {emmlatitm)^ Thnmoe (tcroM), Edthlus (strife), pichos'tasis (»x(»(iaa). Envy, ana IIioq'os {mMrder) ; all fully described by the po^ (Greek, adlkoSj **sa vnjnst man.**)
Adie of AiKftnghaw, a neighbour sf the Glendinnings.— Sir W. Scott, The Mmtetery (tame, Elizabeth).
AdmetUB* a king of Thessaly, kasband of Alcestis. Apollo, being con- demned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for tvelve months for slaving a Cyclops, Sitered the service of Admetos. James R. LoweU, of Boston, U.S., has a poem oo the subject, called The Shepherd of Kmg Adnetus (1819- ).
Ad'mirable (The) : (1) Aben-Esra, a Spanish rabbin, bom at Tole'do (1119- 1174). (2) James Crichton (Kry-ton), the Scotchman <1551-157a). (3) Roger Bscon, called *'The Admirable Doctor** (1214-1292).
Adolf^ bishop of Cologne, was de- Toared by mice or rats in 1112. (Sea Hatto.)
Ad'ona* a seraph, the tutelar spirit cf Jtmes, the "first martyr of the tvfclTe.*'~Klop0tock«. The Meseiah^ iii. a748). ^
A'dcmbeo el HaTriin, the physi- HUgnt— assooaed by Saladin, who sir Kcnncth*a sick squire, and
cores him of a fever.—Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.).
Ado'nis, a beautiful youth, beloved bv Venus and Proser'pinaj who quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the dispute, decided that the boy should spend six months with Yenus ia the upper world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored to death by a wild boar iaahunt.
Shakespeare has a poem called Venus and Adorns. Shelley calls his eleipr on the poet Keats Adona'is, under the idea that the untimely dea<^ of Keats resembled that of Adonis.
(Adonis is an aUegory of the sun, which is six months north of the hori/on, and six months south. ThammQz is the same as Adonis, and so is Osiris.)
Ado'nis Flower, the phea8ant*s eye or red raalthes, called in French goute de sang, and said to have sprung from the blood of Adonis, who was killed by a wild boar.
O Smr. d cb^ 4 QrtMt^ Tb eoroD* fet. an ttalamit.
Da I
Adonis's Qftrden. It is said that
Adonis delighted in gardens, and had a
magnificent one. Pliny says (xix. 4),
" Antiquitas nihil prius mjrata est quaro
Hespendum hortos, ac regum Adonidis
et AicinOi.**
Bow dudl I hMMMH* thea far tfalinceHi f Tlir pwili an IQm A4amW ipntona, TbMt OM dajr bloMa'd. and fniUliil ware tba dcxL gtuAmpmn, 1 Utmrp K/. act L k. 6 (ISSV).
An Adonis garden, a very short-lived
Sleasure ; a temporary garden of cut owers ; an horticultural or floricultural show. The allusion is to the fenn^ and lettuce jars of the ancient Greeks, called " Adonis* gardens," because these plants were reared for the annual festival of Adoniiu and were thrown away when the festival was over.
Adforam, a seraph, who had cbarga cf James the son of Alpbe'us. — Klopstock, The Messiah, ill. (1748).
Adosinda, dangfater of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved her alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent without the least resis- tance, but implored the captain to give her one night to mourn the death of those so noir and dear to her. To this he oomplied, but during sleep she murdered
ADRAMELECH.
JEGEON.
him with his own scvmitmr. Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of her nouse, and then ■he vowed to live for only one object, vengeance. In the great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who gave the word of attack, "Victory and vengeance I " — Southey, Kudcrick^ etc., iu7(1814).
Adram'elecli (ch^k)^ one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him overthrown by U'riel and Raphael {Paradiso Lost, vi. 365). According to Scrii)tnre, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means ** the mighty magnifi- cent king.'*]
The SeirfwrrltM bontt tb^ ddkbraa In ttia flra to AAramdMb.— 9 King* sriL SL
Klopstock introduces him into The Messiah^ and represents him as surpassing Satcn in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is made to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and whom he hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude he might Decome the supreme ^od of all the created worlds. At the crucifixion he and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the angel of death.
Adraste' (2 syL)^ a French gentleman, who enveigles a Greek slave named Isi- dore from don PMre. His plan is this : He gets introduced as a portrait-painter, and uius imparts to Isidore his love and obtains ner consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaide (2 suL) to don PMre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and PMro promises to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands that Zaide be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. PMre intercedes ; Adraste seems to relent; and PMre calls for Zaide. Out comes Isidore instead, with Zatde's veil. " There," says Pfedre, " take her and use her wcU." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads off the Greek slave. — Molibre, Lc Sicitw» ou VAinuur Peintre (1667).
A'dria, the Adriatic.
Ikd orar Adrto to Uie Utapmiuk fl«kb T/taly).
MUton. ParmdtM Laat, L ScM (1M6).
Adrian's, a wealthy E)>hesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus, twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess iEmilia is her mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her husband of infidelity, she
says to the abbess, if he is unfiuthfnl it is not from want of remonstrance, "fof it is the one subject of oar conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speak- ing of it ; at table I will not let him eat for speaking of it ; when alone with him I talk of nothing else, and in company F give him frequent hints of it. In a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love another better than he loves his wife" (act t. sc. 1). — Shakespeare, Cuinedy of Errors (1593).
Adria'no de Anua'do (i>on), «
Compous, fantastical Spaniard, a military raggart in a state of peace, as Parollet (3 ayl.) was in war. Boastful but poor, a coiner of words but venr ignorant, solemnly grave but ridiculously awkward, majestical in gait but of very low pro- pensities.— Shakespeare, Zov0*« Xoootir Lost (1694).
(Said to be designed for John Florio, snmamed " The Resolute," a philologist. Holofemes, tbe pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play, is also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.)
Adriat'io wedded to the Dogb. The ceremony of wedding the Adriatic to the doge of Venice was instituted in 1174 by pope Alexander III., who gave the doge a gold ring from his own finger in token of the victory achieved by the Venetian fleet at 1 stria over Frederick Barbarossa. The pope, in giving the ring, desired the doge to throw a similar one into the sea every ^car on Ascension-Day in comme- moration of this event. The doge*i brigantinc was called BucerUaw,
Tou mnf renieinber. Kupoe flve/«an art past Biiiot in jruur brigantin* /ou miIIm to ae* TIm Adriatic wediled to our duke.
T. Otwajr. Ventet iV«Mr*Ml. L 1 (ItBOl^
Ad'riely in Dr}'den*s Absalom and Achitophelf the earl of Mulgrave, a royalist.
Bbarp-Jodstng Adrid. the fiuauf Mend } Hlnueir a mufc. lu auihcdrim't debate True to hi* prince, but not a slave to ttato; Whom Dnrfcl'i lovo with Immiouib did adorn, Tliat from lti« dinobedleiit mu were torn.
PartL
(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649- 1721) wrote an £ssay on Poetry,)
iE'acus king of Gilno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that he was made at death one of the three pudges of hell. The other two were Mmos and Khodaman'thus.
JEtge'orit a huge monster with 100 arms and hO heads, who with his brothers, Cottus and Gygcs, conquered the Titans
JB6E0N.
9
AVEiD.
§r hniliiig Mt ttieiD 300 rocks at once, omer says men call biro *^JRgt'oti," but ¥f the ffodt he is called Bri'areus (3 5^/.). (Hilton accents the word on the first fffUaUe, and so does Fairfax in bis tnuulatkm of Tasso, — See Paradise LoaL L 746.)
JEgtffm, a merchant of Srracnie, in Shakcspeare^s Comedy of £17^ {1693).
Mt^'ji&t a rocky island in the Saronie gnlt. It was near this island that the Athenians won the famous naval battle of Stfl'anis over Um fleet of Xerxte, B.C. 480. The Athenian prows were decorated with afigiue-head of Athe'na or Minerva.
AmIoToU the brami plow .'• glooay mag* •n th* Penfan promtaad glocjr.
JBlia Iiedlia Crispis, an inex- plicable riddle, so called from an in- •oiption in Ladn, preserved in Bolonia, which nay be rendered thus into English :
MUA UBUA CRI8PI8.
Miter cki Mr IHT. Bor «ld ; ll«MlMrkariotBorriisia: BitaaioflfacMi
byaiiiorthMj.
bith0
; DOT In tlM MrOi j
LUCroS AGATHO PKISCUS. lk« kaiAaad, Mr l»*«r. nor friflnd t
tdthcr • pQa. mt a pfruald. nor a wpukbfv TWt htayt ke IcMMnand Iniows Mt (which It b]. n b a M|wieto« OMtatateK M eorpw wlUilii It s Bkaeoipw with no tylcbfe ewHalntog H ;
■■ aad theaofialehra are on* nd tiM
jr pittd* m wtoH to th* MhitfoN «^ tk* lU'-J. W. DiBiMr.
ifimelia, a lady of high d^^ree, in love v^ Am'ias, a squire of inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting- pkec, she was eaui^ht up by a hide<ms ■Miuter, and thrust into his den for future food. BelpbcebeCSsy/Oslew^tbecaiUff** sad released the maid (canto vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amias from the durance of Faa'na, Orflam bo's daughter, and brought ^ lovers toother ** in peace and settled iwt" (canto IX.). — Spenser, Fairy Queen. IT. (1696).
iBmil'ia, wife of ^ge'on the Syra- casian merchant, and mother of the twins nUed AiitiphVIus. When the boys were riiipwredua, she was parted from them •ad taken to Epbesos. Here she entered ft eoBTcnt, and rcae to be the abbess.
Without her knowing^ it» one of her twin also settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest citizens. The other son and her husband if'^geon both set foot in Ephesns the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they became again united to each other. — Shakespeare, Comedy of Errore (15d8).
iBmon'ian Arts, magic, so called from i£mon'ia ( ThesscUy)^ noted for magic
The jEmonian, Jason was so called because his father was king of ^monia.
JBae'aSy a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called JEneid, He was the son of Aochi'ses and Venns. His first wife was Oeu'sa (8 sy/.), by whom he had a son named Asca'mus ; his second wife was LAvinia, daughter of LAtlnus king of Italy, by whom he had a posthumous son called iEne'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law in the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder.
According to Geoffrey of Monmouth " Brutus," the first king of Britain (from whom tiie island was called Jfritain)^ was a descendant of £neas.
JEine'id, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was taken bj the Greeks and set on fire, i£ne'as, with his father^ son, and wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original birthplace of the nmily. The wife was lost, and the old Either died on the way ; but after numerous perils by sea and land, iEneas and his son Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latinus, the reigning king, received the exiles hospitably, and pro- mised his daughter LAvin'ia in marnage to ^neas; Ixit she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince Tumus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Tumus would not forego his claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle the dispute by an appeal to arms. Tumus being slain, iEneas married LAvinia, and ere long sueeeded his father- in-law on the throne.
Book I. The escape from Troy ; il^.neas and his son, driven by a tempest on the shores of Orthagc, are hospitably enter- tained by queen tNdo.
II. iEneas tells Dido the Ule of the wooden horse, the burning of Troy, and his fli^t with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost and died.
III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and the death of his father.
iEOLUS.
10
AGAMEMNON.
IV. Dido HUa in lore with iEneu; bnt he steals away from Carthage, and DidO| on a funend pyre, puts an end to her life.
V. JSneas reaches Sioiljr, and celebrates there the games in honor of Anchises. This book corresponds to the Ilia<l, xxiii.
YI. j£nea8 visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to Odystet/y xi.
VII. LAtinos King of Italy, entertains ^^neas, and promises to him Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Ttimus had been already betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist ^neas.
VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war.
IX. Tumns, during the absence of ^neas, fires the ships and assaults the camp. The episode of Nisus and £nry'- alus.
X. The war between Tnmus and <£nea8. Episode of Mezentius and Lao- sus.
XI. The battle continued.
XII. Tnmus challenges ^neas to ■ingle combat, and is killed.
!C.R>-1. The 11017 of SInon and Ukltig of Troy b bor- rowed from Ptnnder, m MarroU w infomt ih.
2. Tli« loTOs of Dido and JCiieai art co|ded (Tom Uiom of UMlm aad Jaaoii, ia ApoDoiriaa.
It. The story of the <roodeii horn and tb* bonitaig of Axqr art trout Arctl'iuH of MUllut.
iEj'oluSi god of the winds, which he keepff imprisoned in a cave in the JColian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods command.
Waa I for tbb Dlgb wrecked ttpim the na. And twie» by awkward wbid mwii Kngtand'a baak Drrvc hack again nnto my ntuin climet . , . Yet JMm woukl not be a murdenrtr. But kft Uiat hatcfu! oflce onto the*.
Shaketpeaia. t Mnrp Vi. act ▼. «. t (1891).
JBscula'pius, in Greek Askle'pioSy thu god of bealing. What Mye niy ^teaibipiua t my Oalcof . . . Bal b be
Bhaka^NM*. Mvrrv WiMtqf Wtmdaor. act U. ac S OSOl).
iB'BOn, the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who infused into bis veins the juice of certain herbs.
In audi a night. Madea gatbar'd Uie enchanted bertai That did renew old Mmm. ■lakeqware. M«rch»m ^ rtniee. act ▼. K. 1 (before 1S8S).
JEjBop, the fabulist, said to be homp- bftcked ; hence, ** an Alsop ** means a hump-backed man. The yonng son of iienry VI. calls his uncle Kichard of Gloster "iEsop."--8 Henry VI, act v. ■c. 6.
,£sm> of Arabia^ Lokman; and Nas* •en (fifth century).
jEaop of England, John Gay (1€8»- 1782).
j£$op of France, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1696).
^9(^ Of Germemy, (Sotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).
jEaop of India. Bidpay or PHpay (third century B.C.).
AfsTf (he south-west wind ; Notus, the full south.
Motoi aa< Afv. blaek wHh tboHdraw doodi.
MUton. Pmradim UU, x. 708 {Hm.
Afirioan Magician {The), pretended to Aladdin to be nis uncle, ana sent the lad to fetch the ^' wonderful lamp ** from an undei^round cavern. As Aladdin re- fused to hand it to tiie magician, he shut him in the cavern and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of a magic ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely rich, built a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter. Several vears after, the African resolved to make himself master of the lamp, and accordingly walked u^ and down before the palace, crying inces- santlv, " Wbo will change old lamps for new?" Aladdin being on a hunting ex- cursion, his wife sent a eunuch to exchange the '* wonderful lamp** for a new oae: and forthwith the magician commanded "* the slaves of the lamp to transport the palace and all it contained into Africa. Aladdin caused him to be |>oisoned in a draught of wine. — Arcitian Aiuhts (** Alad- din or The Wonderful Lamp *^).
Af^t or Afreet, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and cruel of all tiie orders of the deevs. — Herbeiot, 66.
Prom the hundred dUmncyt of the Tiltege.
like the Afk«et in the Arabian stonr [tmtroduet. Tal0\
ftaioky cohiBBna tower aloft into tae air of amber.
Longfellow. The b'oMeti MUtttomm.
Afi^ag. in Drvden*s satire of Absalom and Achit'op/tef, is sir Edmondbury Godfrey, the magistrate, who was found murdered in a ditch near Primrose Hill. Ihr. Oates, in the same satire, is called "Corah,"
Oorab wdgbt far Afaii'i murder call.
In terau aa ooaraa aa Bamuel uaad to Said.
PartL
Agamemnon, king of the Argiyes and . commander-in-chid of the allied Greeks in the sie^ of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his Ttviitta and Cre^* $$da,
Vijrire fortes ante Aganiem'nona, "There were brave men before Agamemnon;** wa are not to suppose that there were bo great tnd good men in former timet. A
AGANDECCA.
11
AGED.
iimikr proverb is, *'TliereAi«hSllt beyond Ke&tland and fields beyond Forth/*
A^andeecft, dao^ter of Stamo king
of LDchlin ISoandinavia^ promised in
marriage to fmFai king of Blorven [north-
wtt of SooHamd], The maid told Fingal
to beware of her father, who had set an
amboflh to kill him. Fin^I, being thus
forewarned, slew the men in ambush ; and
Stamo, in lage, moidered his daughter,
who was buried by Fingal in Ardven
[Aryyfe].
Dm 4fai^tar af tiM mov omfcMnl. aad left the ban wthmmn^wl(0k Om oum to aU Imt Imutjr. tike tha ■rnr toH ihm doad of the mat Lorelluea »m aroaud Wr fti B^L Her tlep mm Kkc the miuie at tonfi. Sht «v ite foath, aad levei hhK. He wae the aloica iWi«fhvniL Her Mae «M» ralM tn Mcret on blm. m4 *e UMMd Ite chief ofMarrea.— Oiiteit r Fined,**
Acanip'pe (4 jy/.)« fountain of the liases, at the foot of mount Helicon, in Bceo'tia.
lOli their BMUjr Gnv.
Ag'ape (8 «y/.) the fay. She had three jons at a birth, Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the fotoie lot of her sons, she went to the tbjM of Demogorgon, to consult the ■'Three Fatal Sisters.** Ootho showed her tiie threads, which **were thin as tlio<ie spun by a spider.** She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threadsTbut they said this could not be ; they consented, how> crer, to this agreemoitr—
When ye thrad vitb fidal kalfe Rb Bor vhkb is the ihortcet of the three.
KB Into the next : aUkewiyeodedbe. M wuf Kkewiee be eiiiieit Hale Che thM. tL«* hl# mv he ee treMjr wext r. /hAy qmtm, Ir. S (U90).
A^api'da {fhty Anitmio), the ima^ naary chronicler of The Conquest of vnmadaiy written by Washington Irving (18»).
Aff'aric, a genus of fungi, some of wkia are Tery nauseous and disgusting.
^arkhi the hoh [/eretf ). leaoTaon. tfurett mmd Lffmettt,
Al^aBt'ya (S «y/.), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was walking one day with Vlshnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who uie pigmy was that strutted by his side. Yishnoo replied it was the patriarch AgastA-a, who was going to restore earth to ita true balance. Ocean, h contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's fsoe, and the sage, in revenge of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, lining the b^d quite dry.— Maurice.
Aff'atlia. daughter of Cqbo, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's opera o€ Der FreiachUtz.-^See Dictionary ofPhram and Fable.
Afi^ath^odes (4 »yL), tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a potter, and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army. He reduced all Sicilv under his power. When he attacked tLe Car- thaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel assured thev must either conquer or die. Agathocl^ died of poison administered b}' his grandson (b,c. 861-289).
Voltaire has a tragedy called Agathocl€f and Caroline Pichlegr has an excellent German aorel entitled AgathociSs,
Agathon, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C* M. Wieland (17a;i-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though some prefer his Von Sylvio de Roaalva.
Agdistes (8 syl,)^ the mystagog of the Acrasian bower, or the evil genius loci, Spenser says the ancients call **Self*' the Agdistes of man; and the Socratic ** diemon *' was his Agdistes.
Tb«]r In thet plnee hhn "Oenha" did cell ; Not Uiet oelectisi power . . . nee Antiquity DM wiMlir dWke. and good Asdialei call ; Bat Utis . . . mu . . . the foe of life.
Speiuer. Fmirw ^VMnt. iL It (U0H
Asdis'tis, a genius of human form, uniting the two sexes, and bom of the stone Agdus (a.v.). This tradition has been preserved by Pausanias.
AgduB. a stone of enormous size. Parts of tnis stone were taken by DeM^ calion and I^-rrha to throw over their heads, in order to repeople the world desolated by the Flood. — Amobius.
Age. The Age of the BishopSy accord- ingto Hallam, was the ninth century.
The Age of the Popes^ according to Hallam, was the twclftn century.
Varo recognizes 7%ree Ages : 1st. From the beginning of man to the great Flood (the period wholly unknown). 2nd. From the iniood to the first Olympiad (the mythi- cal period). 3rd. From the first Olympiad to the present time (the historical period). —Varo, Fragments, 219 (edit. Scaliger).
A«ed (The), so WemmicVs father is call^. He Uved in *' the castle at Wal- worth.** Wemmick at *' the castle " and Wemmick in business are two " different beings.*'
Wenunlck'd hoan wae a little wooden cottaae. lo tha "of philB if tardea, and the top of it wm ent ipt
AGELASTES.
IS
AGRAMANTE.
aadpaintadHkaabaUvfTrooaiitedwithgiiM.... Itwaa the onallett ot homM, with que«r Gothk vliidova (bj fw the pwter port of them sham), atid • Gothic door, ahnoat too ■nail to get In at ... On Sunday* he nui op a real flag. . . . The brld«e wiu a plank, and it crtMseil a chaon about foor feet wide and two deep. ... At nine o'dock ererj night " the eun flred." the gun being nMoiitad in a •eparato fortran mtnle of lattice- work. It was protected fhun the weather bf a tarpaulin . . . umbreUa.— C Dickeni, Orectf ExptaUUiom, xxr. (I860).
A^elastes {Michael)^ the cynic philo- sopher.—Sir W. Scott, Count Robert of Paris (time, Riifiis).
Agesila'us (5 syl.), Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, kinf; of Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to please and amuse his children.
A'gib {King), "The Third Calen- der" {Arabian Nifjhts* Entertainments), He was wrecked on the loadstone moun- tain, which drew all the nails and iron bolts from his ship ; but he overthrew the bronze statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the mischief. A gib visited the ten joung men, each of whom had lost the right eye, and was carried by a roc to the palace of the forty prin- cesses, witli whom he tarried a year. The princesses were then obliged to leave for forty days, but entrusted him with the keys of the palace, with free permission to enter every room but one. On the fortieth day curiosity induced him to open this room, where he saw a horse, which he mounted, and was carried through the air to Bagdad. The horse then deposited him, and knocked out his right eye with a whisk of its tail, as it b^ done the ten "young men** above referred to.
Agitator {The Irish), Daniel 0*Con- nell(1776-1847).
Agned Cathregonion, the scene of one of the twelve battles of king Arthur. The old name of Edinburgh was Agned.
Ebrancui, a man of great Btature and wonderful atreiigth. took upon htm the Rovemment of Britain, which he heM forty yean. ... He built Uie city of Alehid (r Dumbarton] and the town of Mount Agned. called at this time ihe "GMtle of Maldene," or the "Mountatai of Sorrow."— OeoCrey. BritUh HUtorg, he 7.
Agnei'a (3 syL), wifelv chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra't^s or temperance. Fully described in canto x. of The Purple Islatid, by Phineas Fletcher (1683). (Greek, agneia, " chastity.")
Ag'nes, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David Ck)ppertleld'8 se- cond wife rafter the death of Dora, " his child wife ' ). Agnes is a very pure, self-
sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet do- mestic—<^ Dickens, Vavid Copperfield (1849).
Agnes, in Molibrc*s LYcole dea FetntneSj the ^rl on whom Amolphe tries his pet expenment of education, so as to turn out for himself a "model wife." She was brought up in a countr3r convent, where she was kept in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional proprieties, the difference between the love of men and women, and that of girls for girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. AVhen grown to womanhood she quits the convent, and standing one evening on a balcony a young man passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns the salute ; he bows a second and third time, she does the same ; he passes and reoasses several times, boiifing each time, and she does as she has been taught to do by acknowledging the salute. Of course, the young man {Horace) becomes her lover, whom she marries, and M. Amolphe loses his " model wife." (See Pinchwikk.)
Elle fait CAqnes. She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and verdantly ingenuous. — French Proverb (from the "Agnes" of Molifere, li€oole des Femmea^ 1662).
Agne8 {Black), the countess of March, noted for her d^ence of Dtmbar against the English.
Bla(^ A'jnes, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was eountcss of Moray (Murray) in her own right.
Agnes {St,), a young virgin of Palermo, who tX the i^ of thirteen was martyred at Rome dunng the Diocletian persecution of a.d. 804. Prudence (Aurelius Pradentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Do- menichi'no have both made her the subject of a painting. — The Martyrdom of St, Agnes,
St, Agnes and the DevH. St. Agneo, having escaped from the prison at Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil dogged her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor- stones between St. Piran and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark tlie places where the devils were turned into stone by the looks of the indignant saint. — Polwhele, His^ tory of Cornwall,
Agraman'te (4 syl.) or A^ra-
AGRAWAIN.
18
AHMED.
Biat, kiog of the Moon, in Orlando /■wwonifo, hj Bojaido, and Orlando ^ FkrioaOj by Anocto.
Agra^vBin (^) or Sir Agravain, fonmiied "The Desirous*' and also "The flan^tT.** He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Mai^wse half-sister of king Axthor. His brothers were sir Gaw'atn, lir Ga'heiis, and sir Garcth. Mordred WM his half-brother, being tlie son of king Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agra- Tsin and sir Mordred hated sir Launcelot, sod told the king he was too familiar with the qneen ; so thej asked the king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watdu The queen sent for sir Launcelot to bu private chamber, and sir Agravain, ■ir Mordred, and twelve others assailed thfe door, but sir Launcelot slew them all except sir Mordred, who escaped. — Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur^ iii. 14i-m (1470).
Agrica'ne M jy/.)» ^^ ^ Tar- tar^, in tibe Oriimdo InnamoratOf of Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the easde of Albracca, and is slain in single combat by Orlando. He brou^t into the field 2,200,000 troops.
Minoc, aer m «td«acsm|>, AgftcMn, vf th an bto uorUieni powwB.
Jtiyal— rf. ilL OJyi).
Mtttoii.
Ag^OB, Lnmpishness personified ; a **snUeD swain, all miith that in kiaself and others hated ; dull, dead, and kaden." Described in canto viii. of The Purple Island, by Phineas Fletcher (106). (Greek, <^rros, "a savage.*')
Agzippina was granddaughter, wife, Mter, and mother of an emperor. She vat granddaughter of Augustus, wife of dssdiHS, sister oi (^ligua, and mother sfNero.
%* Lam'pedo of Lacedsnuon was daugh- ter, wife, sister, and mother of a king.
A^py'na or Ag'ripjme (3 »y/.)» a pnoccas beloved by the "king of C^norus" son, and madly loved by Orleans.** —Thomas Dekker, 'Old Fortunatut (a comedy, 1600).
A'gue (2 syL), It was an old super- ititiim that if the fourth book of the Iliad «u laid open under the head of a person mfferingfrom C^aitan ague, it would cure liin at ODce. Serous Sammon'icus (pre- <c|Aor of (jordian), a noted physician, has ■Buwgst his mediosl precepts the foUow- ng —
Mppose UmcintL
Ame-Cheek {Sir Andrew), a silly old fop with "8000 ducats ft year,*' very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that " beef had done harm to his wit.*' Sir Andrew thinks himself " old in nothing but in understanding," and boasts that he can "cut a caper, dance the coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques," like a young man. — Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614).
Woodward 0797-1777) alvajm MistaiMd "air Andrew Asw-dMok" with laSiilto droUenr, aMUtcd by that ex- prwliin of " mefbl dhnajr," whkh far* w peculiar a astf to Ikk ArarpfoC— Boodoo. W«^atM$n».
Chailca Lamb Mys Uwl "Jem Wltiio atw ^Mnai DodI ono ovonliitf in Aguaehtrk, and noogniiintf him n«xt dmr in Fleet Street, took off iiii hat, aud (uniied him with " Save jott. air Audrew!" Dodd itaMiljr waved Mi haud and fudaimed. " Awajr, fool t "
Aliaback and I>ee'ra» two en- chanters^ who aided Ahu'bal in his rebel- lion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahubal had a magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the sultan and the best of the troops were drawn o^ and the sultan's tent was taken. The enchanters, delighted witii their prize, slept therein, but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked him to cut a rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen on the enchanters and crushed them to mummies. In fact, this stone formed the head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which the sultan had severed- in the night. — James Ridley, Talee of the Genii ("The Enchanters' Tale," vi.).
Ahasue'rus, the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to exe- cution, He rested a moment or two at his door. " Get off ! Away with you !" cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, " and that quickly ; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Aha- suerus became the "wandering Jew,"* who still roams the earth, and will con- tinue so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the legend given by Paul von Eitzen. bbhop of Sohleswig (1547).— Greve, Memoir of Paul von Eitzen (1744).
Aher'nian and Ar'gen, the formet a fortress, and the latter a suite of im- mense haUs, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures of human intelli- gence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals that inhabited ibe earth before ^e present races existed.— W. Beckford, Fat/*^* (1786).
Ah'niad {Prince), noted for the tent
AHOLIBAMAH.
14
ALADDIN.
gimea him by the faiiy Pari-banou, iriiieh would cover a whole ftnny, and yet would fold up so small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same ffood fairy also gave him the apple of Samarcand't a panacea for all diseases. — Arabian Nights ErUertairunenU (** Prince Ahmed, etc.").
*•* Solomon's carpet of green silk was large enough for all his army to stand upon, and when arranged the carpet was wafted with its freight to any place the king desired. This carpet would also fold into a very small compass.
The ship Skidbladnir had a similar elastic virtue, for though it would hold all the inhabitants of Valhalla, it might be folded up like a sheet of paper.
Bayard, the horso of the four sons of A>nnon, grew larger or smaller as one or more of ue four sons mounted it. (See AmoN.)
Aboliba'xnah, granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was loved by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was earned off to another planet when the Flood came. — Byron, Heaven and Earth,
Proud. ImiMriooi, md aH>iiiii& tha dantat that da* wonhifw the nnph. and decuuvi Uwt bbimmortalitjrcao bcftow no love mora pare and warm than bar own, and ■haaKpraiiMaeonrtrUon lliat tliera b a ray wUbtn bar " vbleh. though (brblddon yet lo •hlna." Is D«vertb«l«M lighted at tba mme etharoal fin aa his own.— Flndau,
Ah'riman or Ahrima'nes (4 $yl,)^ the angel of darkness and of evil in the Magian system, slain by Mithra.
Ai'denn. So Poe calls Eden. It is a reproduction in English spelling of the Arabic form of the word.
Tell this loul, with eorrow laden. If within the dlRtaot Aldenn, It shall olasp a Minted maiden, Wbum the angels name L«uore.
Kdgar Poe. Tht Xavetn.
Aikwood (Hingan), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of Knockwinnook Castle. — Sir W. Soott, The Antiquary,
Aim'well {Thomas^ viscount) j a
gentleman of broken fortune, who pays is addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Ladv Bountiful. He is very handsome and fascinating, but quite ** a man of the world." He and Archer are the two beaux of The Beaux' Stratitjcin^ a comedy by George Farquhar (1705).
I thought It rather odd that H(dland ■hoold be tba Quia "ntster" of the partjr, aiid I mid to ntTielr. at Gttbet aald whan he heard that " AlmweU " bad gone to diuRifa, " That lookfl suspicious ** (act U. m. S).— James Smith, Mtmoin, IMUn, etc (iStO).
AiroasUe, in the Cozeners, by S.
Foote. The original of this famWing talker was Gahagan, whose method <S conversation is thus burlesqued :
Air«m$a»: *' Did I not tell yoa what panoo PnuMOo saidt I remember, Mrs. Ughtfoot was Iqr. She had been bna^t to bed tliat daf was a month of a nrj flna boy a bud Mrth ; for Dr. Beaton, •rfao served his tfana witli
Luke Loiicet, of Guise's Then was also a talk about
him and Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Wia Whitlow, another apn«ntloe, who had great expeo- latloiis from an oU unde In the Grenadlem : but ha left all to a distant rebtlon. Kit Cable, a midshipman aboard the Torbag. She was lost coming home in the chaniieL TLe captain was taken up by a coaster from Rj«. loaded with cheese " (Now, prajr, what did panen Pranello ■ay t This Is a pattani dt Mn. Mlokhiby's ramhUng ■osrip.]
Airlie {The earl of), a royalist in tha service of king Chaiies I.— Sir W. Soott, Legend of Montrose,
Airy (^Sitr George) y a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, tiie ward of sir Francis Gripe. — ^Mrs. Centlivre, The Busybody (1709).
A'jax, son of <JIlens [O.f,luoe']y generally called "the less.'* In conse- quence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, tha prophetic daughter of Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he gerished at sea. — Homer, Odyssey, iv, 60/ ; Virgil, JEneid, L 41.
A'jaz Teramon* Sophoclte has a tragedy called Ajax, in which **the madman " scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of Atreus, has been men- tioned at greater or less length by several Greek and Koman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called Troiius and Cressida, (See Ali-
PHARNON.)
The Tuscan poet [A rtotto] doth adranee The fraotle paladin of Prance {OrtaiHdo Fwrtato); And tboM mora ancient iaophoeliM and SsAeeaJ do «•• hanee
Alcldte in his ftiT7 {Htreulit /Wvnt]; And othars. AJax Tehunon ;— But lo this time tbara hath been aona So bedl'Bt as our ubaron ;
Of which i dara assure you.
M. Dra/ton. JTymiiMdte (IMS-ISa).
AJut and Anningait, in The Book' bier.
Part. Hke AJut, never to ratnrn.
Oamphell. naa$urm of Uof, IL KOm\
Ala'ciel, the ^:enins who went on s voyage to the two islands, Tacitumia and Herryland \ London and Paris\, — De la Dixmerie Uisle Tadtvame et Cisle En- jowfe, OU Voyage du Oehie Alaciel dans ies deux lies (1769).
Aladdin^ son of Mustafa a poor tailor, 01 China, *' obstinate, disobedient,
ALADDIK.
15
ALASNAM.
fltdmischieTOQa,'* whoOj abandoned '* to iadoleuse aad lieentiotuness.^ One day an African ma^dan accosted him^ pr^ tending to be his uncle, and Bent him to Iffing np tile " wonderful lamp," at the Mme tune giring him a ** ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp, but would not band it to the magician till he was out of I3btt cave, whereupon the magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for Africa. Aladdin, wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the magic ring, when tiie genius of the ring appeared befoce him, and asked him his com- mands. AJauddin reouested to be delivered from the cave, ana he returned home. By means of his lamp, he obtained intold Wealth, built a superb palace, and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's daoi^ter. After a time, the African ■agidan got possesion of the lamp, and cnned the pa£u;€, with all its contents, to be tiansported into Africa. Aladdin was absent at the time, was arrested and ordered to execution, but was rescued by titt populace, with whom he was an im<- BMBse favourite, and started to discover what had become of his palace. Happen- ing to alipi he nibbed his ring, and when the genius of the ring appeared and asked his orders, was instantly posted to the ^aee where his palace was in Africa. He poisoned the magician, regained the kmp, and had his palace restored to its original place in China.
bAliddln'B]
Bfnm, Dtm Juam, iSlL IS.
AladdaCi Loanp^ a lamp brought fna an nndeiground cavern in "the Kiddle of China.** Being in want of fosd, the mother of Aladdin began to scrab it, intending to sell it, when the ccbIbs of the lamp appeared, and asked aerwhat were her commands. Aladdin answered, '*! am hungry; bring me food ; ** and immediately a banquet was Mt before him. Having thus become aeooaxnted with the merits of the lamp, he Wame enormously ridi, and married ths sultanas daughter. By artifice the African magician got possession of the Jsoip, and tnuisported the palace with its contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the iB^;ician, recovered the lamp, and re- tnmslsted the palace to its original site.
AladdnCM Paiaoe Windowi. At the top of the palace was a saloon, containing tveaty-four windows (ux on each side), •sd all but one enriched with diamonds, nibKs, and emeralds. One was left for the sultan to complete, but all the jewel-
lers in tiie «npire were unable to make ont to match the others, eo Aladdin eon>- manded "the slaves of the lamp" to complete their work.
AladdMs £in^, given him by the African magician, "a preservative against every evil." — Arabian Ifightt (" AUddin and the Wonderful Lamp^).
Al'adine, the sa^^acious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by Raymond. — Tasso, Jerusaletn Velioered (1575).
Afadme (8 ty/.), son of Aldus "a lustv knight."— Spenser, Faery Quden, tL 0 (1596).
Alaff, Anlai; or Ola£, son of Sihtric, Danish king of Northumbcriand (died 927). When itthelstan [Atheistan] took possession of Northuniberland, Alaff fled to Jreland, and his brother Guthfrith or Godfrey to Scotland.
Our BnglUi Athdrtaa.
In the NorthumliriMi flddi, wtth mott rlctorioBs niisbt.
Pill Alaff and his powen to more faiglodoni Ikht.
Drartott. i'ol«ol6tom idl (1011).
Al AiHi.f^ the great limbo between paradise and hell, for the half good. — Ai Jiorun^ vii.
Alar'oon king of Barca^ who joined the armament of Kgypt agamst the cru- saders, but his men were only half armed.— Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered {lb7b),
Alario Cottin. Frederick the Gicat of Prussia was sO called b^ Voltaire. '* Alaric " because, like Alanc, he was a great warrior, and "Cottin" because, lika Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very indifferent poet.
Alas'co, alias Dr. Okmetkius Do- BOOBius, an old astiologer, consulted by the earl of Leicester. — Sir W. Scott, KcnUvDorth (time, Elizabeth).
Alas'liam {Prince Zeyn) possessed eight statues, each a single diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more valuable wan thein all. This ninth was a lady, the most beauti- ful and virtuous of women, "more pre- cious than rubies," who became his wife.
One pun and perlect [wonuin\ Is . . . Ifka AlasBCjn'i ladbr. wortli thamalL— Sir Waltar Boott.
Alasnam's Mirror. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue, the kin;? of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to look when he saw a beauti- ful girl, "if the glass remained pure and unsullied, the damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would not
ALASTOB.
16
ALBION.
be whollj pure in body and in mind.** This mirror was called "the touchstone of virtue."— ^ra6ui» Nightt ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam *').
Alas'tor, a house demon, the ** skele- ton in the closet," which haunts and torments a family. Shelley has a poem entitled Alastor or the spirit of Soli- tude,
Gk«ro nya 1m meditated idlUiig hUaself OuU he nLht become tbe Akwtor of Augustus, wImib be bated. — Hn- tareb. Cte*ro, efe. (" PaniUel Uree").
God Afanisbty mostervd up an arnijr of mice afalnst tbe •rebbtebop ri7iiMe|. nnd sent tbem to pefwcMo bla ae Mi ftorioot ▲laaton.—Corrat. CrmMtim, OTL
Allban {St.) of Ver'ulam, hid his con- fessor, St. Am'phibal, and changing clothes with him, suirered death in his stead. This was during tbe frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichneld.
AttWD— our proto-martjrr called.
Dngrtoo. PotpolUnt, tilr. (1S2S).
Alba'nla, the Scotch Highlands, so called from Albanact, son of Brute, the mjrtbical Trojan king of Britain. At the death of Brute " Britain ** was divided between his throe sons : Locrin had Eng- land ; Albanact had Albania {Soottand} ; and Kamber had Cambria ( Wales).
He {ArVmr] br f<unc« of arms Albank orerrun, Punuing of tbe Pkts bejrond moant OJnluii.
Drajrion. r^yolbUm, ir. (IfaS).
Alba'nia {Tw/iqf in Asia), It*means '*the mountain region;** and properly com- prehends SchirwaHf jDagKestan, and Geor- gia. In poetry it is us^ very loosely.
Ainbeiiok of Mortemak. tbe same as llieodorick the hermit of Engaddi, an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his life, and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the archduke of Austria.— Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.).
APbenckj the squire of prinee Richard (one of the sons of Henry II. of Eng- land).—Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.).
Albert, commander of the Britannia, Brave, liberal, and just, softened and refined by domestic tics and superior in- formation. His ship was daslied against the projecting vcrj^e of Cape Colonna, the most southern pomt of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Redmond (second in command) grasped on his legs and could not be shaken off.
Thocgb trained in boisterous dementi, bk mind Was >«t by soft hum.tnity reAn«-d : Each uy of wedded Utvs at home lie knew, Atiruad, oonfeaKnl tlie (atlier of bis crew. . .
His sealus. erw for th' event praMrad,
Bote with tbe storm, and all its dangers nhared.
Paleoner, Tk« Skipttrm*. L t (178^
Albert^ father of Gertnide, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (call^ by Camp- beU Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a mixed force of British and Indi&n troops, led by one Brandt, who made an attack on the settle- ment, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set fire to the fort, and destroyed all the houses. — CampbelL Gertrude of Wyoming (1809).
Albertf in Goethe*8 romance called 7!^ Sorrows of Werther, is meant for his friend Kcstner. He is a young German farmer,who married CharlotteBufT (oallod " Lotte" in the novel), with whom Goethe was in love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (q. v.).
Albert of Oei'erstein (Count), brother of Arnold Biederman, and presi- dent of the ** Secret TribnnaL** He some- times appears as a ** black priest of St. Paul's, and sometimes as the " monk of St. Victoire."— Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward lY.).
Albertaz'zo married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs tiie Roval Family of England. — Ariosto, Orlanao Furioso (1516).
Albia'zar, an Arab chief, who joins the £g}-ptian armament against the cru- saders.
▲ cblcf In rapine, not bi knlfbthoed bred.
TascO, Jmrvaalem IMiwvr^d, KviL (U7S)i>
Albin, the primitive name of tiie northern part of Scotland, called by the Romans ** Caledo'nia.*' This was the put inhabited by the Picts. The Scots mi- grated from Scotia (north of Ireland), and obtained mastery under Kennetti Macalpin, in S43.
Oreen AlUn, wbat tboogh he no moresnrregr Tby abips at aiicbor on tbe quiet abore, Th7 uellucbi [por/,oU*s] roiling from UM rooontaln baf , Tlijr lone sepulchral calm upon the moor, Aiid distant is!e« that hear tbe load Cortareebtan roar. CbmpUU. UtrtruiU nf Wpomtimg, L 6 (1SQ0).
Alljion. In legendary history this word is variously accounted for. One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first discoverer, who rul^ over the island for forty-four vears.
Another derivation is Al'biHj eldest of the fifty daughters of Diocle'sian king of Svria. These fifty ladies all married on t^e same day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way
ALBOSAK.
17
ALCHSMI8T.
if fmahbmtBDtf thcj wei« casi adrifi in a ih^ nnmannH, bat the wind drove the rtml to our cout, where these Svruui dunels dwembftrked. Hoe they lived the rest of their Uves, and married with the abonginea, **a lawlesa crew of devila." ICHos mcntionf thia legend, and naively adds, **iti8 too aboard and nnconscionabiy noes to be believed.** Ita resemblance to tte fifty dan^ters of Dan'aos is palpable.
Drayton, m his Polyofhion, says that Albioa came from Rome, was **uie first sartvr of the land,** and dpng for the futh s sake, left his name to the country, where Offa sabseqnently reared to him ^a rich and samptuons shrine, with a flMOBStery attached.** — Song xvi.
JAtMi, kin^ of Briton, when Cberon bcMhiaconrt m what is now called ** Ken- siagton Gaident.** T. Tickell has a poem ipoo this subject.
AJbian wart with Jooe's Son, Albion, SOD of Neptune, wan with Her'eules, son «f Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the ihare of his father*s kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspiied to dethrone his koCher, bnt Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was discomfited.
tha mm of Jorn M. OniftOB. Pot^oUlon, fv. (IflS).
AHx/rak, the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the seventh hea>ea. It had' the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the wings of an ^le, and gpoke with a human voice.
Albrac'oa, a castle of Cathay (CAma), t* vfaich Angd'iea retires in grief when ^ finds htft love for Binaldo is not re- ciproeated. Heee she is besieged liy Ac^ioand king of Tartary, who is re- wrred to win her. — ^Bojardoi Orkmdo Jmumonxto (1496).
Albracoa'sDamsel^ Angelica. (See above.)— Arioato, Orlando Furioso (1616).
Albnina'ssary Arabian astronomer (776-«86).
n»niiiliii.o«rwcfc^— iHrilwlMtli»'c % tfc>iriiihp« iJMt km hath CMwwd amd am^ ; far be '
%m If nkotaar. prtoct t
J. Bnlta. rklHf Mpmnm (ttoi«.'BaBi7 VUL).
Alcai'ro, the modem name of Mem-
IfoCBhlifloa ; IfaJfo focti wgnWrauM fa aH their slorti^
X««. L n7 (MID.
Hot
Aloeete (8 syL) or AloesticL wife of Adffi^tos. On £jj wedding day Admetns ■ejected to offer sacrifice to Diana, but
Apollo indoeed the Fates to spare hit life, if he could find a voluntary substi- tute. His bride offered to die for him, but Hercul^ brought her back from the world of shadows.
%* £ari[Mdc8 has a Greek tragedy oo the subject (AloestiB) ; Clock has an open (Aioeste) libretto by Cakabigi Q7fi6) ; Philippi Quinault produced a French tragedy entitled Alc€9te^ in 1674; and Lagmnge-Chancel in 16d4 produced ft Froich tragedy on the same subject.
AlonU^ (2 sy/.), the hero of Molibre's comedy Le Misanthrope (1666), not un- like Timon of Athens^ by Shakeqware. Alceste is in fact a pure and noble mind soured by perfidy and disgusted with society. (Courtesy seems to him the vice of fops, and the usages of civilized life no better than hypocrisy. Alceste pays his addresses to Celim^e, a coquette.
AlcMte b an upright, manly diaraetcr, but rode and fan* t» avm of tbe octflaan^ dfilltki of llftu— Sk Wahar
Aloee'tis or Alcestes (8 wL), daughter of Pel'ias and wife of AdmcTus, who gave herself up to death to save the life of her husband. Hercules fetched her from the grave, and restored her to her husband. Her story is told by Wm. Morris^ in The EarimyParadise (June).
%* Longfellow, in The Golden Legend, has a somewhat similar story : Henry of Hohenock was like to die, and was told he would recover if he could find a maiden willing to lay down her life for him. Elsie, the daughter of GoUlieb (a tenant farmer of the prince), vowed to do so, and followed the prince to Salerno, to surrender herself to Lucifer ; but the prince rescued her, and made her his wife. The excitement and exer- cise cured the indolent young prince.
Al'chemist {The), the last of the three great comedies of Ben Jonson (1610). The other two are Vol^pone (2 eyL), (1606), and The Silent Woman (1609). The object of The Alchemist is to ndicule the belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The alchemist is " Subtle,** a mere quack ; and " sir Epicure Mammon '* is the chief dupe, who supplies money, etc., for the "transmu- tation of metal.** "Abel Drugger*' a tobacconist, and ** Dapper** a lawyer's derk, are two other dupes. "Captjun Faoe,** alias ** Jeremy,** the house-servant of " Lovewit,** and " Dol Common *' are his allies. The whole thing is blown np by the unexpected return of ** Lovewit.**
c
ALCTBTADES.
IS
ALDABEtLA.
Aloibi'adeB (5 syL), the Atbenin general. Being banished by the senate, he Diait^ee agminst the city, and the senate, being unable to offer resistance, open the gates to him (b.o. 45<M04). This Inciaent is introduced by Shakespeare in Tbnon of Athens,
Akibiades has furnished Otway with the subject of an English tragedy (1^72), and J. G. de Campistron with one in French (Alcibiade, 1683).
Aloibi'adeB' Tables represented a god or goddess outwardly, ana a Sile'nns, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a curious dissertation on these tables (Adagef 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence emblematic of falsehood and dissimula- tion.
Whoto vanto Ytrtoe b oooqMrad to tiMM Fabe ubl« wrought bf Aldbladai : Whtoh notad wvlloraO were found tV« Md Moat kb- witfaoot. Int mart defonrad wtthla. Wm. BfOWM. BHlmnmia'$ P€utorut$, L (ISlS).
Alci'des, Herculds, son of Alcieus; anv strong and valiant hero. The drama called I/ercutis Furmu is by Eurip'ides. Senoca has a tragedy of the same title.
Dm T^aowB poet [^l riotto] dotli tidnutm The ftantk pafaMttti of Pnuwe lOrtewfo AiHm»]; And thoie man andentdo enMncie Akldte In hb fbiy.
M. Dmrton. ir^mpkUta (usi-isn).
Where b tUowt AlekU« of the ftaU, Valfauit lord fidbot. eail of Shrewdmiyt Shakcqware, 1 iTonrr ^f- •eth.m.f (ISM).
Alci'na, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo*8 Orlando Innamorato she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's Orlando Furioso she is a kind of Circe, whose f^arden is a scene of enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy dictates.
Al'oiphron or The Minute FkUoeo- pher^ the title of a work by bishop Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a freethinker. The object of this work is to expose the weakness of infidelity.
Al'ciphrony "the epicurean,** the hero
of T. Moore's romance entitled The
Epicurean,
Uke Aldphron. we twins la air aad darkMH. and know not whither the wind blows ui.— Pu<nan»'< MagoMin:
Alcme'na (in Moli^re, Alcmene), the wife of Amphitryon, general of the Tho- ban army. While her husband is absent warring against the Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises be-
tween the fitlne and true Ampbitiyoii, which is .augmented by Mercury, who personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphi- tryon. By this amour of Jupiter. Alc- mena becomes the mother of Hercnl^. Plautus, Molibre, and Dryden have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled Amphitryon,
AloofH'baB. the name by which Babelais was called, after he came out of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll of every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave '* the merry fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin." — Babelais, Pantagruel, iL 32 (1533).
Al'oolomb, " subduer of hearts,** daughter of Abon Aibouof Damascus, and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al* Raschid, in a fit of jealousy, commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and sister to do penance for three dayv in Damascus, and then to be banished from Syria. The two ladies came to Bagdad, and were taken in by the charitable syn- dec of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the «Uiph was over he sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife, and her mother he married to his vizier. — Arabian Nights ("Ganem, tiie Slave of Love**).
Aloy'on, " the wofuUest man alive,** but once " Uie jolly shepherd swain that wont full merrily to pipe and dance.** near where the Severn flows. One da^ ne saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it fol- lowed him about like adog; but aoruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel satyr is death. He said he hated everything — ^the heaven, the earth, fire, air, and sea, ue day, the night ; he hated to speak, to hear, to taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel ; he hated man and woman too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur €k>iges. — Spenser, Daphaida (in seven fyttes, 1590).
And there b that Akfoo bent to I Tboogb St to frame an tterlaeting ditif ,
Wboae gentle inrite for Dnphne'a death doth tnm tweothyoflofetoendieMpialntoofpHy. Spenser, CoUn douit Otm* aomt«A§mim (UBl).
Aloy^one or Haloyone (4 syl,). daughter oi MtSiuB, who, on heving of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, and was changed to a kingfisher. (See Ualcton Days.)
Aldaballa, wife of Orlando, sister of
ALDABXLUL
19
ALDSia
OK^rr, aad duiglitor of Monodan'tte. — Ariosto, OHamdo Furkao, 4tc (1516).
Aidiixrllaj a marchioneM of Florence, ray beautiful and fasdnating, bat arro- faat and hwkrtleai. She aaed to five ♦ntoftiinmcmta to the waagnateie of Flo- mee, and Fazio was one who spent BOitof his time in her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous of the marchioness, sccased him to the duke of being privy to the death of Bartoldo, and for this ojfence Fazio was executed. Bianca died broken-hearted, and Aldabella was con- demned to spend the rest of her life in a wumery. — Dean] 1815).
iMilman, i^Suio (a tragedy,
Alden (•/oft»), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathos, in love with PrisciUa, the \n siitlfol puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff •Id soldier, wishing to marnr Priscilla, aiked John Aldeo to go and plead for him; bat the maiden answered archly, "Why don't yon speak for yourself, Joha^ Soon after this, Standish being T«f»ortad killed by a poisoned arrow, John S|N»ke tor himseUT, and the maiden con- sented. Standish, howerer, was not killed, bat only wounded ; he made his reappear- aaee at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he accepted the situation
vith the good-natured remark : ttfMwaM to >«nd jmm mmmwett* jomrmtt; awl
ekcrrlca io Keat »( the
of
Ctmn»%if o/MUm 3r««rf<ti, It.
Aldiborontephoeoophomio [Ai*- ^Sk^-rmfU'Moor/or'nio], a chatacter in CknmemkoiamikouffoSj by II. Carey.
(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Bal- lantyna, the printer, this nickname, from Us pomposity and rormality of speech.)
Al'diger, son of BuoVo, of the bouse sf Cbmont, brotiier of Habigi'gi and Titian.— Arioflto, OHamio FwrioBo (1516).
Al'dine (2 sy/.), leader of the second ■qaadroa of Anbfc which jomed the Ej;Tptian armament against the crusaders. Tssso says of the Arabs, " Their accents were female and their stature diminu- tire " (xTiL). — ^Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered (U76).
Al'diii^;ar (Sir), steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. lie impeached the queen's fidelitr, and agreed to prove Uft charge hy single combat; but an •ogel Hn the shape of a little child) wrsblisned the queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering version of the
story of Gunhilda and tiie eiipwct Henry. — Percy, SeOques, ii. 9.
Aldo, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran* To resent this affront, he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Errsgon king of Sora (in Scandinavia), and here Loma, the king's wife, fell in love with him. The fuiTty pair fled to Morven. which Enagon uumediatel^ invaded. Aldo fell in single combat with Enagon, Loma died of grief, and Erragon was shun in battle by Gaul, son of Uonu.—08skm (^*The Battle of Lora**).
Aldrovand (Father), chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old Norman warrior.— Sir W. Scott, 7%e Beirothca (time, Henr^' II.).
Aldriok the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby. — Sir W. Scott, PeverUcf the Peak (time, Charles
Aldus, father of Al'adine (3 aylX the '* lusty knighf — Spenser, FaSry Queerif vi. 3 (1696).
Alea, a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Tro^ : at least so Isidore of Seville says. Suioas ascribes the inven- tiea to PaiamSdds.
Akaett fantas l»lmbi Inveate a Omeb. In odo Traill baffl, a qnodam rnlUt*. aomlne A Mi. a aim at an DOBMa OHf. KtUL ST.
Alector'i&, a stone extracted from a capon. It is said to render the wearer invisible, to allay thirst, to antidote enchantment, and ensure love. — Mirror of SUme»,
Aleo'tryon, a ^outh set by Mars to guard against surpnses, but he lell asleep, and Apollo thiM suiprised Mars and Yenus m each others* embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock.
AnS from ooltha iniSiiliwIag iuatirari l4>ail ttia oockAJaetiyoii crowed.
LoagfiiUotr, ^tyoMW <« P^mnA.
Aleph. the vwm de plume of the Rer. William Purvey, of Belfast (1803- ).
Ale'rla, one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives of Gnido the Savage. — Ariosto, Or/oncIo/Urioso (1516).
Alessio. the young man with whom Lisa was Uving in concubinage, when Elvi'no promised to marn' her. Elvino made the promise out of pique, because he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he discovered his error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to
ALETHES.
20
ALFADER.
Alcflsio, wHfa whom she bad be«n prevrously cohabiting. — Bellini** opera, La SotuuuulnUa (18;il).
Ale'thes (3 syl.)^ an ambassador from EffypC to king Al'adine (3 fy/.) ; subtle, ijuse, deceitfm, and full of wiles. — ^Taaao, JcnuaUm Delivered (1575).
Alexander the Qreat, a traged j by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French we hare a novel called Roman tT Alexandre, by Lambert-li-core (twelfth century), and a trsgedy by Radne (1665).
Tbb VM A &nr«irite part with T. BettarUm (lOS- inot. Wm. Mountfbrd (l«0O-ia»f). H. Monk Oem- 17U); C Hnlet (1701-1718). and SpfBOieer Bmrrr (\719- 1777): iMt /. W. Crok«r mn that J. P. KcMbla, hi "HaaM.* "CortolainM." '^Alexander.'* aad "Oatot." McriM an hb »■ aiiianL— Bowir»
Alexander an Athlete, Alexander, being asked if he would run a course at the Olympic games, replied, ** Yea, if my competitors are ail kings.**
The Albanian Alexander y (George Castriot {Scanderbeg or Jacander beg. 1404-14G7).
The Persian Alexander, Sandjar (1117- 1158).
Alexander of the North. Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718).
Alexander deformed,
Ajbbbmi's great Mm on« ilKMildcr had too high.
Pope Prolofm f tka Brnttrm, 117.
Alexander and Homer, When Alex- ander invaded Asia Minor, he offered up sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achillas. Here he exclaimed, *' O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy deeds ! **
Which made the laattm eooqoaror to cry. **0 fortiiiiata jwmg man t wboM Thuw romd to brava a tiwnp thjr ooMa deedi to wMnd."
r. Tk» Buhu ^f Timt (1801).
Alexander and Parme'nio, When Darius, king of Persia, offered Alexander his dauf^ter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000 talents of gold, Parmenio said, ** I would accept the offer, if 1 were Alexander.** To this Alexander rejoined, •* So would I, if I were Parmenio.*^
On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish in nis gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, " I consider not what Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ougnt to give.**
Alexander and Perdiccas, When Alex- ander started for Asia he divided his poMsessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he nad left for himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for Alexander, " replied the
friend, "it is enough for Perdiocas also ;" and declined to Accejpt anything.
Alexander and Raphael, Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave in tiie moimtain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of, replied, " The water of immortality.** Whereupon Raphael gave him a stone, and told him when he found another of the same weight he would
Sin his wish. " And how long,** said exander, " have I to live ? ** The angel replied, " Till the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee are of iron.** Alex ■ ander now went forth and found a stone almost of the weight required, and in order to complete the balance, added a little earth ; falling from his horse at Ghur he was laid in his armour on the gronnd, and his shield was set up over him to warid off the sun. Then imderstood he that he would gain immortality when, like the stone, he was buried in the earth, Mid that hit hour was come, for the earth beneath him was iron, and his iron buckler was his vault of htntven above. So he died.
Alexander and the Robber, When Dionldes, a pirate, was brought before Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand ! how dare you infest the seas with your misdeeds ? ** " And you,** replied the pirate, " bv what right do you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I am odled a brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a conqueror.** Alexander admired the inan*s boldness, and commanded him to be set at liberty.
Alexander's Beards a smooth diin. or a very small beard. It is said that Alex- ander the Great had scarcely any beard at all.
DtagraoM reC with AleamAm'* 1
G. GawMilgna, Tk« 8UtU Wa» (dkd 1S77).
Alexander's Runner, Ladas.
Alexan'dra, daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the laaid of the Amazons was called Alexandra. — ^Ariosto, Orktndo /U- rioso (1516).
Alexan'drite (4 syl,), a species of beryl found in Siberia. It shows tha Russian colours (green and red), and is named from the emperor Alexander of Russia.
Alex'is, the wanton shepherd in Tks Faithful Shepherdess, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher (1610).
Alfei'der, the father of all the Asen (deities) of Scandinavia, creator and
ALFONSO.
tl
AUGDL
COWBorof the murene, patron of arts ■nd magic, etc
A1flrmttf\^ father of Leono'ia d^Rste, and dnke of Ferrara. Taaso the poet fell in lore with Leonora. The duke confined him m a Imatic for teven years in the Myiam of Santa Anna, but at the expira- tion of that period he was released through the inteioeaaioa of Yincenzo Cionzago, dake of llantna. Bynm ref era to thia in hb OMe Barold, iv. d6.
Alffmto XT. of Castfle, whose "favour- ite" waa Leonora de Guznum. — Donizetti, La Faxnrita (an opera, 1842).
Alfom'm (Don), of Seville, a man of 60 sod Busband of donna Julia (twenty-seven T«an his junior), of whom he was jealous without eaose. — ^Byron, Don Jtum, u
Jdfm'w, in Wa]pole*8 tale caUed The Gttue of Otranto, appears as an appari- tion ia the moonli^t, dilated to a gigantic fionn (17€9).
Alflned ms a Qleemaa. Alfred, visUng to know the stren^ of- the Dsaish camp, assumed the disguise of a BMBstrel, and stayed in the Danish camp for sereral daya, amu8in|^ tiie soldiers with his harming and singing. After he luid made himMlf master <^ all he re- qaired, he returned back to his own pUce. ^WUliam of Malmesbnry (twelfth cen-
wufiam
of Malmesbuiy teUs a similar •toty of Anlaf, a Danish king, who, he aayt, just before the battle of Bmnan- bwh, in Northumberland, entered the caap of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp m hand ; and so pleased was the Eofftiah king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not keep tiie gold, but buried it ia tbe earth.
AJgaraifb (8 <9ff.) and Cam'ballo, sons «f uunboscaa' king of Tartary, and Elftta hia wife. Aigarsife married
•f AImrM^ hMMlontolib'
Al'gehar'C'tMeaiant''). SotheAm- ~~~ csU the consteUation Orion.
Btoiht vttb anr SkMi Ike 9«« glut OrtMi. bnter oTtbe 1
i^Orlm.
AH, cousin and son-in-law of Ma- homet. The beauty of his eyes is pro- verbial in Persia. Ayn Halt ("eyes of Ah") is the highest compfiment a Persian CM pay to beauty. — Cbarain.
All Baba^ a poor Persian wood- carrier, who accidentally learns the magic words, '* Open Sesame 1*^ "ShutSeaamd!" by which ne gain* entrance into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of tottv thieves. He makea himself rich by pttind«ring from Uiese stores ; and by uie shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the ca^ain and his whole band of thieves are extir- pated. In reward of these services, AH Baba gives Morgana her freedom, and marries her to nis own son. — Arabian Nights (" AU Baba or the Forty Thieves'*).
A^^^"'^ "Tou have as many aliasea as Robin of Bagshot.*" (See KoBiir of Baoshot.)
Al'ioe (2 sy/.), sister of Valentine, m Mona. ThomaSy a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
APioe (2 8f/i,\ foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bnde of Rambaldo, the Nor- man troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of Roberto U Diatolo, She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his mother's '* will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a virtuous man. She is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the Hend, daims his soul as the price of his fll deedsj Alice, by reading tne will, re- claims him.
APice (2 9yl,)y the servant-girl of dame Whitecn^ wife of the innkeeper at Al- tringham.— Sir W. Scott, PeverU of the Peak (time, Charles IL).
APicet the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in later vears by an old man who had married die rustic beauty. He was a dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into manhood. (See Rosk.) — Tennv- son, The MUler't Daughter,
APiee (The Lady), widow of Walter knight of Avenel (2 sy/.}.— Sir W. Scott, The Monastery (time, Elizabeth).
Arice [GBAT],caUed "Old Alice Gray,** a quondun tenant of the lord of Ravens- wood. Lucy Ashton visite her after the funeral of tiie old loid.— Sir W. Scott, Bride of Latnmermoor (time, William IlL).
Alichi'no, a devil in Dante's Inferno,
Alicia gave her heart to Mosby, but married Araen for his position. As a wife, she {dayed falaelv with her hus- band, and even joined Moelnr in a plot to murder him. Vacillating between lova
AUCIJL
ALKBK.
for Mosby and respect for Arden, the repents, and goes on sinning ; wishes to get disentangled, bnt is orennastered by M osby's stronger wilL Alicia's passions imped her to evil, but her judgment ac- cuses her and nrompts her to the ri|^t course. She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam, and of course is lost. — Anon., Ardcn of Frvershctm (1692).
Alu/ia, **a laughing, toying, wheed- ling, whimpering she," who once held lora Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy, "vexatious oays, and jarring, joyless mights," drove him away from her. Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of Gloster of alluring lord Hastings from his alliance, and the lord protector soon trumpet up a charge against both ; the lord chamberlain he ordered to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for witchcraft. Alicia goes raving mad. — ^Rowe, Jane Shore (1718).
Tb« king of Denmark want to ne tin. Bdbonj pfaiy " Allcln,"UMl fcD into » wmnd deep. Tbe »ngi7 maj had to anr. "O thou fate kml I* and ibe drew nmr to Uw rinmbrrli^ monarch, and fhontrd the word* into Um rojral bos. The king itartod. nibbed hla tfm, and re- marked Uiat he weald not have Mich a woman for hh wUb. thovfh dt% had no end of kingdomi for a dowqr.— ComlktU Magadm (1MB).
Alkfia {The iady), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzarsc.— -Sir W. Scott, Ivan- hoe (time, Richard I.).
Aliok [Polworth], one of the ser- vants of Wavcrley. — Sir W. Scott, Waverley (time, George II.).
Aliftui'lhron, emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Midiometan, the suitor of Pentap'olin*s daughter, a Christian. Pen- tapolln refused to sanction this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce his suit. This is don Quixote*s solution of two flocks of sheep coming in opposite direcUona, which he told Saneho were the armies of Alifanfaron and Poi- tapolin. — Cervantes, Don Quixote^ I. Hi. 4 (1605).
Ajax the Greater had a similar encoun- ter. (See AjAX.)
Alin'cUu daughter of Alphonso, aa irascible old lord of Sego'via. — Beaumont and Fletcher, The Pilynm (1621).
{Aiinda is the name assumed bv young Arcbas when he dresses in woman s attire. This youncr man is the son of general Arclias, '* ^e lo^al subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, in a drama bv "BetM' roont and Fletcher, called The Loyal £bi6- ;W, U18.)
Aliprando, a Christian knight, who discovered the armour of Rinsldo, and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but were mis- taken.— Tasso, Jentsalem Delivered (1575),
Al'iris, sultan of Lower Buchar^a, who, under the assumed name of Fer'- amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy is unbounded on discovering that Fcramorz the poet, who has won her heart, is the sultan to whom she is be- trothed.—T. Moore, Lalla Hookh.
Alisaunder (Sir), snmamed Lob- FELIX, son of the good prince Boudwine and his wife An 'glides (3 syl,). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, muMored sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a mere child. WHien Alisaunder was knighted, his m(^er gave him his father's doublet^ ** bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge hia father's death. Alisaunder marriod Alia la Beale Pilgrim, and had one son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of ful- filling his mother's chai^ he was him- self "falsely and feloniously slain" by king Mark. — Sir T. Malory, Hitiory of King Arthur, ii. 119-126 (1470).
Al'ison^ the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter. Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but ^e herself loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house. Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a roguish eve, small eyebrows, was " long as a mast and up- right as a bolt," more " pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin **wa8 softer tnan the wool of a wether."— Chaucer, "The MUler's Tale- {Canter^wry Take, 1888).
Arisotij in sir W. Scott's KenHworth, is an old domestic in the service of the eari of Leicester at Cumnor Place.
Al Kadr (The Night of). The 97th
chapter of the Koran is so entitled. It
was the ni^t on which Mahomet received
from Gabnd his first revelation, and was
probably tbe 24th of Ramadan.
Verflr we ant down tbe KorAn la Um night of Al Kalr. —Al KorAn, xcrlL
Allcen, an old shepherd, who instmcti Robin Hood's bmb how to find a witd^
ALKORBMHI.
28
ALL-FAIR.
mi Imv ihe is to be hunted. — Ben Jon- MB, TV ^bd Sk^ikerd (1687).
AlkoromxnL the udace built by the MotuMm on the hiU of " Pied Hones.** His nn Yathek added fire wings to it, one for the gntification of each of the firesmset.
L Thb ETBR^fAi. Banquet, m which were table* covered both night and day with the moet tempting foods.
II. Thk Xrctar of thk Soul, filled wtA the best of poets and musicians.
III. Thb Dblioht ov thk Etks, fiUed with the most enchanting ol^ects the eye could look on.
IT. Thk Pauice op Pkrfumbs, which vas always pervaded with the sweetest odvun.
Y. Thk RmiKAT of Jot, filled with Hm loveliest and most seductive honris. — W. Beckford, VatAek (1784).
AlPk Wen that Ends Well, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The Wn mid hennne are Bertram count of Roasilloii, and Herena a phvsician*s daagfater, who are married by the com- ■snd of the king of France, but part ^ecaoae Baitram thought the lady not mficicBily well-bom for him. Ulti- ■aiely, however, all ends well. (See Hblbka.)
The stoiy of this play is from Painter's GiUtta of Ifarbon.
AH the Talents Admraistration, fecwd by Imd GreviUe, in 1806, on the <iciUi of William Pitt. The members vac lord GreviUe, the earl Fitzwilliam, nscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox. enl Spencer, William Windham, lord Ezskine, sir Charles Grey^ lord If into, Wd Auckland, lord Moira, Sheridan, Richani Fitcpatrick, and lord EUen- boron^ It was dissolved in 1807.
^H*^; lord of Ravoiswood, a decayed Seotefa nobleman.— Sir W. Scott, The
Bndt XXL).
(time, William
AFUm (Mrs,)t cokynel Mannering's b«nekeeper at Woodbume.— Sir w. Scstt, 6F19 Mofmermo (time, (jeoige 11.).
Afimm [Bbkck Cambkox], the ser-
EMt sent to arrest Hamish Bean Tari^ bv whoc he is shot.— Sir W. Smtt, Tke Mighioftd Widow (time, (}eofge
•fBeWaBood's
men, introduced by sir W. Scott is Jvankoe, (See Allik-a-Dalk.)
Allegory for Allisator, a maU- propism.
OHli HkaaMnotM nalwiijrM «fa« baaki oftbe
Mila.
Sbcrldn, nu RiMti, BL t (ITTQi
Alle'gre (8 «y/.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was true as steel, and it was afterwards riiown that the accusation had no foun- dation but jealousy. — G. Chapman and J. Shirley, the Trogedy of PhOip Chabot.
Allelu'Jah, wood-sorrel, so called by a corruption of its name, Juiiota, where- by it is known in the south of Italy. Its oflScial name, LuznUoy b another shade of the same word.
Allemayne (2 tyL\ (Germany, from the French Atietnagne, Also written Allbmain.
nnrfUthftd
O toralkat BMOdcn of Alle'imiTM.
r—miwii. nit '
Allen (Jiaiph), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding.
Lei Irambie AII«m. vitb am awkvard aluuiM^ Do good b)r MMllfa. and bkiii to And R fuiM.
Pop*.
Alien (Long), a soldier in the "guards " of king Richard I.— Sir W. Scott, The Talieman,
Allen {Major) J an officer in the duke of Monmonth*s *niiy. — Sir W, Scott, Old Mortality (time, Oiarles II.).
Alley (7%tf), ue. the Stock Ex- change Alley (London).
John Khw, altar aianf activ* veaia hi tfaa ADv, lUli'iad to the ConUiMnt ; and died at tke ace of 11&— OM mmd
All-Fair, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which guarded the Desert Fairv) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition tnat she would become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this promise bpr marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wed- ding day Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword, but in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed to the heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, faUing on the body of her lover, died of a broken
ALLIN-A-DALE.
U
ALMETDA.
kMit. Th« syren duuigod the dead lovers into two palm trees.— Comtesse D' Annoy, Fairy TaUt ("The Yellow Dwarf/ 1682).
AUin-a-Dale or Allen-a-Dale, of
NoUinffhamshire, was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents eompelled her to foreffo young AlHn for an old knight of wealth. Aliin told his tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of a harper, went to the church where the wedding cere- monr was to take place. When the wedding party ste|)ped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This is no fit match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her choice." Then sounding his horn Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty how- men entered the church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to Allin till the banns had been asked three times, whereupon Robin pulled off the bishop's gown, and invested Little John in it, woo asked the banns seven times, and per- formed the ceremony. — Bobin Hood and AUm-a-DaU (a ballad).
Allnut (J^o//)t landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625).
Ora(X Altnut, his wife.
Olwer AUrmt. the landlord's son. — Sterling, John FelUm (1852).
All'V^orth (Lady)^ stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord Lovel.
Tom Ailworthj stepson of Udy All- worth, in love with Margaret Overreach, whom he marries. — Massinger, A New Way to pay Old Debts (1625).
TiM flnC anpeutuMS of ThamM King «u ** AOvDrth.* the IMhOctobcr, 17 ~ ~ '
on
174a— DoMlea.
All'worthy, in Fielding's Tom Jones, a roan of sturdy rectitude, laige charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character.
Alma (the hmnan son/), queen of " Body Castle," which for seven years was beset by a rabble rout. Spenser says, "The divine part of man is dtcmlaTj and the mortal part triangular" Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma over "Body Castle." — Spenser, Faery Qtmn, u. 9 (1590).
AHtn^n, Germany, in French AUe" magne.
Alxnansor C*the motnotVe**), a tM* assumed by several Mussulman princes, as by the second caliph of the Abbassido dynasty, named Abou Giafar Abdallah, (the inmnc'tblcy or al mansor). Also by the fttmous captain of the Moors in Spain, named Monammed. In Africa, Tacoub- al-Modjahed was entitled " a/ mansor ,** a royal name of dignity given^to the kings of Fes, Morocco, and JUgiers.
Tha kJMdonw of Aliiuuiaor, P«t, and Bm, MMOCooand Alcian.
MUtoB. ParodtM tmt, xL 40S (160).
Alxnanzor, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, was tola by a hermit named Bagdad that a man called Moclas was destined to be its founder. " I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told the hermit how in his Doyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it, whereupon his nurse ever after called him " Moclas " {thief), Almamtor founded the city, and called it Bagdad, the name of the hermit. — Marigny.
Alman'zorAn Dryden's tragedy of 7%# Conquest of Urana'da,
Alman'zor, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected fine ladies in Molibre's comedy of Les Fr^oieuaes Midicules (1659).
*
AlmaviVa (Count and countess). The count is a libertine ; the countess is his wife.— T. Holcroft, The Follies of a Day (1745-1809).
Alme'ria, daughter of Manuel king of Grena'da. While captive of Valentia. prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled to flight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in which they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had perished. Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast of Gra- nada, to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso, under the assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape, and at tne hoad of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and " the mournful bride " became converted into the joyful wife.— W. Congreve, Tfte Mourning Bride (1697).
Alxaes'btiry (8 syL), It was in a sanctuary of AJmesoury that queen Guenever took refuge, after her adul- terous passion for sir Lancelot was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was buried at Glastonbury.
Almey'da^ the Poitagiwse gofwiat
ALHIRODS.
ALP.
9i India. In kk engagement with the vnited fleets of Oemmrm and Egypt, he kid hk l^gs and thighs shattered by chain- thoC, hot instead of retreating to the bat^ he had himself bound to the ship- ma^ where he *' waved his sword to dieer on the combatants,*^ till he died from loes of blood.
Similar stories are told of admiral Boibow, Cyna^eros brother of the poet <£sdiyloe. Jaarer who carried the sacred banner of *'the prophet** in the battle «f M tita, and of some others.
riiimtafB, •ivbariMi
s.(UIM).
Almlrods (TV), a rdbellioas people, who refused to submit to prince Pan- tag'iael after his sul^ugation of Anar- dias ku^ of the Dipsodes (2 syl.). It was whfle Fantagmel was marching against these rebeb that a tremendous nower of lain fell, and the prince, putting oat his tongue " half-way," sheltered his whole army. — Rabelais, Pcmtagmelf iL 82 (153a).
AllLas'ohar, the dreamer, the « bar- ber's fifth brother." He invested aU his ■MMy in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much, and thai to in- Teit again and again, till he grew so rich that he would marry the Tiziers daughter and live in grandeur ; but being angiy with his supposed wife, he gare a kick with hb foot and smashed all the ware wkicb had given birth to his dream of imbk.^The Arabian NighU Entertam-
£chep'ron*s fable of The Shoemaker and s Ai'soa 0/ MUk, in Rabekis: The MUheaid aiH her PaU of Milk, Dodsley ; ■ad PerrttU H le Poi au Lait, by La FoBtaiae, are similar fables. La ron- tsiae's Cable is a poetical version of one ef ^sop's.
The AlMa9ekar of Modem Literatnre, 8. T. Coleridge, so called because he was eoBstaatly planning magnificent literary caterprises which he never carried out (1772-1854).
Alnee'ina or Alneomaclit» ancient isaw of Connanghi.
fa AliKw «■■ the warrior honcmtd, the fint of tti* of Bolp [tiU M0l0m 4f Smah Irtltmdl—Otdam
Aloa'din (4 syl,), a sorcerer, who made for '"irt^^ a palace and garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Panulisa." ThataU
slew him with a dub, and the pcene of en- chantment disappeared. — Southey, TAo- laba the Deetroyer, viL (1797).
A. K O. E. (that is, A Ii[ady] 0[f] E[ngland]), Miss Charlotte Tucker, from 1854.
Alon'so, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of Sebastian, in The Tempest, by Shakespeare (1609).
Alonao the ^fraoe, the name of a ballad by M. G. Lewis. The fair Imogine was betrothed to Alonso, but during his ab- sence in the wars became the bride of another. At the wedding-feast Alonxo's ghost sat beside the bride, and, after re- buking her for her infidelity, carried her off to the grave.
Alonao the br»re wu th« bmim of the knight; The m&ld was the fUr Imogloe.
M. O. Uwls.
Alcn'zo, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious Dusjte (8 «y/.), in the drama caUed The Custom of the Country, by Beaumont and Flet- cher (1647).
Atonzo, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the friend of Rolla, and beloved by king AtaHlMu Alonso, being taken prisoner of war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with him. At the end he fights with Pizarro and kills him. — Sheridan, Pizarro (altered from Kotzebue).
Alonzo {Den), "the conqueror of Afric,** friend of don Carlos, and husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out of friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out of revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don (Jarlos still entertained for each other their former love^ and out of jealousy Alonzo has his fnend put to death, while Leonora makes away with herself. Zanga now informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless, and mad with grief he kuls himself. — £dw. Toung, The Revenge (1721).
Alonso FemandeB de Avellcu neda, author of a spurious Don Quixote, who makes a third sall^. This was pub- lished during the lifetime of (Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance.
Alp, a Venetian renegade, who wss commander of the Turkish army in the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti, governor of Connth, but she refused to marry a rene- gade and apostate. Alp was shot in the
ALPH.
26
ALTAMONT.
siege, and Franceecs died of a broken heart. — Byron, Siege of Corinth,
Alph, a river in Xanadu, mentioned bj Coleridge in his Knhla Khan. The name is an invention of Coleridge's :
lo Xsnada did Kabia Khan
A lUtaly pl«uar»Hlone deeree, Where Alph, the lacred rlrer, ran, Thro' caveraa measureleM to man, Down to a sanloM tea. — KnUa JOum,
Alphe'us (3 8yL)f a magician and prophet in the *nnv of Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no. — ^Ariosto, Orlando Furioeo (1516).
AlpMus (8 sjr/.), of classic story, being passionately in love with Arethu^ pur- sued her, but she fled from him m a fright, and was dianged by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name.
Alphon'so, an irascible old lord in The PUgrioiy a comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1621).
Alphon'so king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ulti- mately ho recovered his crown, and Fred- erick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest of their lives. — Beaumont and Fletcher, A Wife for a Month (1624).
AlphoneOf son of count Pedro of Canta- bria, afterwards kin^ of Spain. He was plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord Pelayo.
The jrotmg AlpbonM wai in trath an heir
or natme^ iafffoet patrimonx ; rich
In form and feature, growing strength of Umb^
A goutle heart, a kmI affectionate.
A Jorona Bplrkt, filled with ■enerooi Uioufhlii,
And fBnhM heightening and ennobUng all.
Souther, Kodrrick, ele., rlU. (1814).
Alpleiclx or ElfiBnreigeii, the weird spirit-song, or that music which some hear before death. Faber refers to it in his " Pilgrims of the Night "—
Haric. hark, mjr soul I Ancelie aongs are fwetUng.
And Pope, in the Di/ing Christian to hie Souif when he says —
Hurk ! thcff wfalipflr, angds m^. Sliter Kplnt, come away I
Alps-Vinegar. It is Livy who says that Hannibal poured hot vinegar on tJ^e Alps to facilitate his passage over the mountains. Where did ne get the vine^ from? And as for the fire, Polybius says there was no means of heating the vinegar, not a tree for fire-wood.
Alqui'fe (3 siy/.), a famous enchanter in Amddis of Oauly by Yasco de LfObeira, of Oporto, who dicMl 1403.
Im None denounces mch benefloent endiaaten aa Al> «nlfc and Oisuida. becaaw tbejr mm " m a ?i»dkatfc»i
of tbo» who traflte with the L da la Noue. Dtteemnm, 87 (US7).
Al'Reikimlrah.keem'], The meaning of this word is very doubtful. Some say it is the mountain or valley of the cave of the seven sleepers. Others think it it the name of the dog shut up in the cave with them ; but probably it is a stone or metal tablet set up near the cave, con- taining the names of the seven sleepers and their dog Katmfr'.— ^ale, Ai Kordn, zviii. note.
Alrinaoh, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms and earthquakes. Woen visible it is always in the form and dress of a woman. — Eastern Mythology.
Alsa'tia, the AVhitefriars* sanctuary for debtors and law-breakers. The name is taken from Alsatia {Alsaoef in France), a seat of war and lawlessness when king Jameses son-in-law was the prince Palatine. Sir Walter Scott, in The For- tunes of Nigel, has graphically described the life and state of this rookery, but is greatly indebted to Shadwell's comedyi The Sqitire of Alsatia,
Alsorip (3fJM), " the heiress,** a vulgar pai'venue, affected, conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her, me assumes the airs of a woman of fashion^ and exhibits the follies without possessing the merits of the upper ten.
Mr, Alscripy the vulgar fatner of ** the heiress," who finds the grandeur of sud* den w^th a great bore, and in his new mansion, Berkeley Square, sighs for the snu^ comforts he once enjoyed as scrive- ner in Fumivars Inn. — General Burgoyne, The Heiress (1781).
Al Sira4^\ an imaginary bridge be- tween earth and the Muiometan paradise, not so wide as a spider^s thread. Those laden with sin fall over into the abyss below.
Al'tamont, a young Genoese lord ^ who marries Calista, daughter of lord Sciol'to {3 syL), On his wedding day he discovers that his bride has been seduced by Lotha'- rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself. — N. Rowe, The Fair Penitent (1703).
%* Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.
f John Qotdc] eonunenoed hbi career at Fulham. wbeM he performed tiir chancier of "AKamont" which be acted •o much to the ntbbctlon of the manncer that he desired hie wife to Mt down )rouug Quick a whole riiare, whloh. at the dose of the performance, amoonled to Uiree i '
ALTAMORUS.
87
AMADIS OF GREECE.
Altamo'mB, king of Samarcand', wbo joined the E^ptianunuunent a^inst tbt cnuaden. He sarrendered himself to Godfrej (bk. zx.). — ^Tasso, Jeruaaiem Mioend (1575).
AlUuDa'8 Brand. The Fates told
Itthaa that her ion Mclea'ger would live
jiMt as loog as a log of wood then on the
firs renamed nnconsamed. Althaea con-
trired to keep the \og nneonsumed for
■aar jtaxB, Irat when ner son killed her
two biotiiers, she threw it aii^prily into the
fire, where it was qtiickly consumed, and
Meleiger ex|ured •t the same time. — Ovid,
Mda^ viiL4.
Hw fatal bruid AMun bonicd.
:t JTmrr r/. act L n. l (18B1).
(Shakespeare says fS Henry IV, act ii. te. 2), AlOna dreamt " she was delivered of afirs-brsad.** This is a mistake. It was Hecaba who so dreamt. The story of Atthaa and the fire-brand b given above.)
Althe'a ( The dicme), of Richard Love- bee, was Lacy Sacheverell, called by the
AhLr aiaw
(The "graftea** here referred to were tfaoie of a prison in which Lovelace was ccafined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from ELent in favour of the king.)
Altisidc/raii one of the duchess*s MTvaots. who pretends to be in love with doo QnixoCet^ and serenades him. The don sings his response that he has no ether love than what he gives to his Dokm'ea. and while he b still sin^ng he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the room by a ro|)e. ^ the knight was haviaff the nsansion, Altisidora accused ham of having stolen her garters, but who Um kni^t denied the charge, the dsasd proteeted that she said so in her ^sttKlioii, for her garters were not stolen. "1 am like the man,** she said, " looking for hb mule at tiie time he was astride its heck.**— Cervantes, Don Quixote, II. iii. 9, dc ; iv. 5 (1615).
Al'ton (Afbs), alitu Misa Clifford, a ■v«et, modest young lad^, the companion of Miss Alscrip, **the heiress,** a vulgar, Qooceit«d paroemte. Lord Gayville is expected to marry "the heiress,** but detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her hvfflbb compani<m. It turns out that £n00 a year of " the heiress's '* fortune hekMngs to Mr. Cliiford (Miss Alton*s hrother), and b by him settled on his
sister. Sir CHeroent Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to Clif- ford, who marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir (dement settles the same on his nephew, lord (rayville, who marries Miss Alton. — (leneral Buigoyne, The Heiress (1781). *^ '
Al'ton liOOke, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley (1850). This novel won for the author the UUe of " The Chartist aergyman.**
Alsir'do. kine of Tremlaen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in hb inarch to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.-^ Ariosto, Orlando Fmnoso (1616).
Am'adis of Qaul, a love-child of kin^ Person and the princess Elixe'na. He 18 the hero of a fitmous prose romance of chivalry, the first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died 1408). These books were trans- Uted into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo, who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly, Gilbert Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series Le Roman aes Romans,
Whether Amadb was French or British
is disputed. Some maintain that "Gaul**
means Wales, not France : that Elizena
was princess of Brittany (Bretagne), and
that Perion was king of Gaul ( Wales), not
Gaul (France).
Amadlsdi Gwd wm a tdl nM. of a bb eomplextoB, khmpactmmm/tbiBf bdwem Mild mi aaMara, and ImI a haadwma blaek Mari. Ha was a panon of rerf fev wordiL wai not eafthr prorokcd, and was mkmi appoaoad.— Oamatco, Don quints, II. L 1 (ISU).
(William Stewart Rose has a poem in three books, called Amadis of Oaul,)
As Arthur b the central figure of British romance, Gharlemagne of French, and Diderick of (German, so Amaitis is the central figure of Spanish and Portu- guese romance ; but there is this difference — the talc of Amadis b a connected whole, terminating with hb marria^ with Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered and over- came in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian romances, and those of the (Charlemagne series, we have a number of adventures of different heroes, but tiiere is no unity of purpose, each set of adven- tures b complete m itself.
(Southey the poet has an admirable abridgment of Amadis of Oaul, and also of Pwmerin of England,)
Am'adis of dreeoe. a supplemental part of Amadis of Gad, by Felicia'no de
AHAIHON.
28
AMARANTH.
Silva. There are also Bevexml other Ama-
diflcfl — as Amadia of Colchis, Amadis of
Trebisondj Amadis of Cathay^, bnt all these
are very inferior to the original Amadi$
ofOaui,
nie aarient ftiMei, who** nU^v doe yet ramahi, BMnHjr. Lam»lM «f the Lak*^ Pitntfofttt, yv<«fram, airfm tk0 OMMtwM, 0tc. doe bmn wttnewi of tbto odd« VMiltk. HerawUh wtn mm fcd for the fpNee of 600 jMna, mUO ovr bmgmfe grawiiic oiare polUbed, and ogr mindf mora tlckliiih. Umt wntn drIVM to Invent aooM noToltiM wherewith to deUsbt im. Tbiv eeine y* bookas of Amndli into light wnong oe in Ihia iMft afB.— Ffandi de la IToue, Maomutm, 87 (IH^
Amai'mon (8 «v/.)> <^^ ^ ^^ prin- cipal devils. Asmode'iis is one of his lieutenants. ShakespeMe twice refers to him, In 1 Benry IV, act ii. sc 4, and in The Merry Wioe$ of Wrndbor^ act iL sc. 2.
Amal'alita, son of Erill'yab the deposed qneen c^ the Hoamen (2 8yl,), nn Indian tribe settled on the south of the MissonrL He is described as a bratal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amal- ahta wished to marry the princess Goer'- Tjl, Bfadoc*s sister, and even seised her by force, but was killed in his fli^t. — Southey, Madoo, ii. 16 (1805).
Amalthfld'a, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books of prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price demanded, she went awav, burnt three of them, and returning to the king,^ demanded the same price for the remaining six. Again the king declined the purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the volumes, demanded the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin paid the money, and Amalthsa was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says that AmalthaBa burnt the books in the kind's presence. Pliny affirms that the original number of volumes was only three, two of which the sibyl burnt, and the third was purchased by king Tarquin.
Amalthe'a, mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid his mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa). in order to elude the vigilance ana jealousy of his wife Ithea. Tliis account (given by Diodorus Sic'ulus, bk. iii., 8^ by sir Walter Raleigh in his History of the Woridf I. vi. 6) diifers from the ordinary story, which makes Sem'eld the mother of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or Cham, the son of Koah, founder of the African race.)
. . . that Njraeian De. Girt with the river Triton, whera old Omm
Bt^hom Gentllea Anunon call, and Librw Jove) M Amaltbea and her florid Mm. Yeung baochue, ttom hit Mepdame Bhen'k eye.
Milton. AtmuMM Loat. tv. S76 (1«»).
Afnanda^ wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pavs her amorous attentions, but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats nim with contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, also pays attention to Love- less's wife, but slie repels his Advances with indignation, and I^oveless, who over- hears her, conscious of his own short- comings^ resolves to reform his ways, and, '** forsakmg all other,** to remain true to Amanda, ^''so long as they both should live.** — Sheridan, A Trip to Soarborougk,
Aman'doy in Thomson*s Seasons^ is meant for Ifiss Young, who married admiral Campbell.
And ttiou, Amanda, oe«M. Drida of nreengl Formed ligr the tiraoei, lovdiaaei Iti^
•'8prins.'*4B«.4Bl(17M).
Amanda, the victim of Peregine Pick]e*s seduction, in Smollett*s novel of Peregine PicJUe (1761).
Am'ara (Mount), a place where the
Abassinian kin^ kept their younger sons,
to prevent sedition. It was a perfect
paradise enclosed with alabaster rocks,
and containing thirty-four magnificent
palaces. — Heylin, Microcoamus (1627).
When the Abaain Uob* their Imm goaid. Mount Amara, . . . hr tome luppoeed T»tM paiadtee under the Ethtopline^ Or nDw Ukie, endoeMl wlUi riilnlng ro^ A whole dajr'a Joumer high.
MUton. PttmitUlMt, Iv. «0. ete. {Xfm.
("The Ethlop line** means the equi- noctial line.)
Amaran'ta, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman. — Beaumont and Fletcher, The Spanieh Curate (1622).
Axn'aranth. There are nnmeroos species of this flower; those bMt known are called prinee*9 feather and love liee a-bleeding, both erimson flowers. The bloody amaranth and the cluttered ama- ranth also bear red flowers ; but there is a species called the melancholy amaranth which has a purple velvety flower. All retain their colours pretty well to the last, and the flowers endure for a long time. The name is derived fh>m the Greek word amaranto9 — t. e. "everlasting." Pliny says (xxi. 11) that the flowers of the amaranth recover their colour by be- ing sprinkled with water.
Immortal amaranth, a flower which ohoe In paradise, faat by the Tree of Life, * Becan to Moom. . . . With theae ... the epirits eleoft Bind their resplendent look*.
Mllteo. J^MTodtt Lott^ Ul. au. ale. (MOB).
AMASANTH.
AMBBOSK.
LngftOow, by • ttimnge eiror, cioirns the •Bgel of dtath with mnuumnth, with which (as Milfcon My«) *« the spirits elect bind their xesfilendent locks,** and his angel of lifi he crowns with asphodel, the flower cf Pinto or the grave.
iMl n« aa«cl wtth th* •marutttaliM wratth • vonl. that hsii ftBOOiMl ttto
Amfarantk {Lady), m WiW Oofa, by John O'Kecfe, a famous part of Mrs. Pope (1740-17»7).
AsuurilliSa a shepherdess in love with Pei'igot {t soonded), but Perigot loved Am'ovet. In order to break off £is ftffedaon, Amarilli^ induced "the sullen ^epheid** to dip her in "the ma^ic well,'* whereby she became trancf ormedinto the perfect resemblance of her rival, and soon effeetoally disgusted Perigot with her bold snd wanton conduct. When after- wards he met the true Amoret. he repulsed bat^ snd even wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, tiie trick was dis- eovered by Cor^n, "the faithful shep- berdsss,** and Perigot was married to his true love.— John Fletcher, The FaUAftd SikpUrd (1610).
Amaryllis, tn Spenser*s pastoral Qrfta CUmfs Come Noma Agam, is the OMBteas of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest of the six dangbtets of sir John Spenser, of Al- tborpe, ancestor of the noble houses of Spenser and Harlborongh. After &e deadi of the eari, tiie widow married sir Thonas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal (afterwards baron of EUesmere and riaeoont Brackley). It was for this very Isdy, dnring her widowhood, that Hilton vnte bis £r'caie$ (S syl.),
R* hv pnlwarthf we tke drtHB tbTMb n« hMMT «f tlM aoWe fiMflr OrvWcklMUMMkoMtmrnirtoba. .. ryVi. ChairSk. and nMrt AamyiUi : AfOblte hib h eUHi of Hm tkiM. TW — t tolwrhi bamrtifal ChMyMi,
%tmam. IMtm OmCa Oumt Momm dgmim (IBM).
Azn'asisi, Amdsis^ or Aah'mes (3 sy/.), fouder ef the eighteenth E^ptian dynasty (B.C 1610). Lord Brooke at- tributes to him one of the pyramids. The tiuee chief pynunids are usually ascribed to Suphis (or Gbeops), Sen-Suphis (or (^phrenis), and Mendierds, all of the ftwtb dynasty.
p/miliii wptild m»f Lard Braoka^ ^(
Amateur {An). Pierce Egan the
younger published under thi8_p8eudonym his Reed Life in London^ or l%e Satnbies and Adventures of Bob Tally-ho. Esq,^ and his Cousin^ the Hon. Tom JDashcUL through the Metropolis (1821-2).
Amaurots {The), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the Dipsodes (2 «y/.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly routed the invaders. — Rabelais, Pantagntel, ii. (1683).
Am.a'vla, the personification of In- temperance in grief. Hearing that her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in i^uest of him, and found him so changed m mind and body she could scarcely recognize him ; how- ever, she managed by tact to bring him ftway,^ bnt he died on the road, and Amavia stabbed herself firom excessive grief.— Spenser, Fairy Queen, ii. 1 (1590).
Ajnaao'na, • fury, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and the Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered and be- came both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'Iona a bunch of gilli- flowers^ which enabled her to pass un- recognized before those who knew her well.— Omtesse D*Aunoy, Fairy Tales ("The Princess Carpillona,** 1682).
AmaBo'nian Chin,a beardless chin, like that of the Amazonian women. Especially applied to a beardless yo«mg soldier.
WlioB vitk hit AaanMlaa dhln ka 4bov« Hm brlrtbd Upi b«ro«« him.
ShakMpcwB, atrManuM, act il. •& 1 (ISOS).
Ambassadors at foreign courts.
Lacatia art vlr boons peranv mlaiu ad maoUeiMhiB ilpAlioa nnm ■■ Wr Haimr Wottan (1010).
Amber, said to be a conoretion of
birds' tears, but the birds were the sisters of
Melea'ger, called Helea^ridds, who never
ceased weeping for their dead brother. —
Pliny, Natural History f XKXvii. 2, U.
AremMl thaa dull fllataa tha loteUMt ambv. That avar tba aoiTowtag aeA-blrdt hava wapL
Am'brose (2 syl.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil Bias the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil BUs to a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to
AHBBOSB.
80
AMERICA.
find oat that the house is onl^ a hired lodging. — Leuige, Gil Bias, i. 15, 16 (1716).
(This incident is borrowed from Es- pinel's romance entitled Vida de Escudero, ntarcoa de Obregon, 1618.)
Am'brote (2 tyL), a male domestic ser- yant waiting on Miss Seraphine and Miss Angelica Arthuret. — Sir W. Scott, Redyaunilet (time, George II.).
Amhrote ( ttrothtr), a monk, who at- tended the prior Ajmer, of Joryaolz Abbey. — Sir W. Scott, Ivanhoe (time, Richard I.).
Am^hroi'ut (Father) abbot of Kenna- quhair, is Edward Glendinning, brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Arenel). He appears at Kinross, dis- guised as a nobleman*s retainer.— Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth).
Amelia, a model of conjugal affec- tion, in Fielding's noyel so called. It is said that the character was modelled from his own wife. Dr. Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once stopping.
AmalUi b periM|M th* only book of vhidi. bdnf priuted off botlaiM on* mornlnc a raw editton was called for belbrt night The dMi«ct«r of Amelia is the BMMt plMudng heroliM of all the romanoMi— I>r. Johnion.
Amc'liaj in Thomson's SeaaonSf a beauti- ful, innocent young woman^ overtaken by a storm while wuking with her troth- plight lover, Cel'adon, ^* with equal virtue formed, and eonal grace. Hers the mild lustre of tne blooming mom, and his the radiance of the risen day." Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, " Tis safety to be near thee, sure ; " when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his arms. — ** Bummer'* (1727).
Ame'Ha, in Schiller's tragedy of The Robbers,
Or their vfll lean hov genenm worth MihUiiMe The robber Moor, and picadi for all his crimae; How poor AnieUa kbnd with many a tear Hie hand. Mood-etalaed. baterer. erer dear.
OampbeU. Pl^twtrm ^ Uop*, tL (17M).
Amelot (2 «y/.), the page of sir Da- mian de Lacy.— Sir W. Scott, The Be- trothed (time, Henry II.).
America. Names of cities and States in the United States, whence derived: —
AlabamOf an Indian word, meaning ** Here we rest." It was the exclamation of an Indian chief, and alluded to its well-stocked hunting-grounds.
Annap'olie (Maryland), so named from queen Anne, in whose reign it was con- stituted the seat of local government.
Asto^ria (Oregon), so called from Mr. Astor, merchant, of New York, who founded here a fur-trading station in 1811. The adventure of uis merdiant forms the subject of Washington Irving's Astoria,
Bal'timore (3 syl.), in Maryland, is so called from lord Baltimore, who led a colony to that state in 1634.
Boston (Massachusetts), so called from Boston in Lincolnshire, whence many of the original founders emigrated.
Car^ina (North and i^uth), named in compliment to Carolus II. (Charles II.), who granted the whole country to eight needy courtiers.
Carson City ^Oregon), commemorates the name of Kit Carson, the Rock}^ Moun- tain trapper and guide, who died in 1871.
Charleston (South Carolina), founded in 1670, and named after Charles II.
Del'atcare (8 syl,)^ in Pennsylvania, is the name of an Indian tribe with whom William Penn chiefly negociated.
Ftttr'idaf discovered bv the Spaniards on Palm Sunday, and thence called IPasquaJ^ Florida.
Geor^guif named in honour of George II., in whose reign the first settlement there was made.
Barrisbura (Pennsylvania), named from Mr. Harris, by whom it was first settled in 1783, under a grant from the Penn family.
Indiana^ so named from the number of Indians which dwelt there (1801).
Lomsianay so named by M. de la Sale (1682), in honour of Louis XIY. of France.
Jfaine^ so called (1638) from the French im>vince of the same name.
Maryland, so named by lord Baltimore (1683), in compliment to Henrietta- Maria, the wife of Charles I. of England.
Nevada, so called from the Sierra Nevada mountain-chain.
New Hampshire, previously called La- conia. It received its present name from J. Mason, governor of Hampshire, to whom it was conceded in 1629.
New Jersey, so called in honour of sir G. Carteret, who had defended Jersey against the parliamentary forces in 1664.
New York, previously called New Am- sterdam, It received its present name (1664) in compliment to James duke of York* (afterwards James II.).
Pennsylvania (" the Penn Forest **), so ealled from William Penn, who, in 1681, gave to the state its constitution.
Texas (i,e, **the place of pio-tectioa*'),
AHERICA.
81
AMIDAS.
■0 cilled in 1817, because genenl Lalle- Bftni gKT^ there "protection** to a colony <tf Fmidi refngeea.
Vermomi {U, "Vcrta Monts"), so called fron the Gracn Mountains, which traverse the state.
Virgimitt, so caUed (1584) by sir Walter Baleigh, in compliment to £li2abeth, '* the Tirgin qnem.**
*•* Jlimoitj lowOy Kcauas, Kentucky^ Midugan ("a lake**), Mmnetota ("langh- in|^ waiexs**), Mississippi ("sea of iratera^), Missomi, Nebraska^ Ohioj Ore- gsm, and Wtsooasta, are names of rivers.
Nicknames of the United States* inhabitants: — AUbamaf lizards; ArkoH^sas, tooth-picks ; Calif om'ia^ eold- hanters ; Cohra^dOf rovers ; Conwcticut^ wooden nntm^s ; DeTaware^ mnsk-rats ; Ftor'ida, fl^npUhe-creeks ; Oeor'fjia, bnzzards ; lUimois, suckers ; Indiana^ boosiers ; •'<>*'^ hawk-eyes ; KanaaSy jay-hawkers; Aentucky, corn-crackers; Idmisiama. Creoles ; Mcdne^ foxes ; Marylamd, craw-tiiampers ; Mich'igan, wolverines; Mmnesotfa, gophers; Mis- siss^pi, tadpoles; Mi^ov^ri, pokes; Jftm'atfka. bog-eaters ; Nsvafdoy sage heos ; New Banyoshire, granite boys ; Nsw Jersey y bines or oam-catchers ; Sem Yort, knickerbockers; North Caro- l^ma, tar-boilers and tuckoes; Ohio^ buck-eyes ; Ot'egcn^ web-feet and hard- cases; Pennsyivafnia, Pennanites and Icatber-beads ; SAode Island, gun-flints ; Somtk Carolfna, weasels; Tennessee' , wbelps ; Texas, beef-heads ; Vermont, Gran Mountain boys ; Virgin'ia, beadies ; badgers.
Amethyst is said to dispel dmnken-
Ameutiy the heaven of Egyptian Bythology.
Of« tbm fkte of li—iiiu . . . op«n th* 0ito of ttie «any rt^tm ; oiftm the fM* of AmauU t—inaeiiftUn maktmamm^ m^miM kg PttUfr^. ht \SSL
Am'g^iad, son of Oamarakaman and Bsdoors, and half-brother of Assad (son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Esch of the two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young princes revolted at their advances, Sfcuscd them to their father of designs apoB tiieir honour. Camaralzaman or- dered his emir Giondar to put them both to death, but as the roung men had saved kim from a lion he laid no hand on them, but told them not to return to their fsther*s dominions. They wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both
reached the sameplace, which was a city of the Magi*. Here by a strange ad- venture Anigiad was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire- god. Bosta'na, a daughter of the old man who imprisoned Assad, released him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made her his wife. After which the king, who was greatly advanced in years, appointed him his successor, and Amgiad used his best efforts to abolish Uie worship of fire and establish " the true faith.*' — Arabian Nights ('* Amgiad and Assad ").
Ambara, the kingdom in which was the "happy valley,'*^ where the Abvs- sinian princes were doomed to live. The valley wae encompassed by mountains, and had but one entrance, which was under a cavern, concealed by woods and closed by iron gates. — IJr. Johnson, Rasselas (1759).
Am'ias^ a squire of low degree, be- loved by Emilia. They apeed to meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken captives — ^Amias by Corflambo, and i£milia by a man monster. Emilia was released by Bel- phcebd (3 syL), who slew " the caitiff ; '* and Amias by prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. Ihe two lovers were then brought together by the prince "in peace and settled rest."— -Spenser, Faery Qtteen^ IV. 7, 9 (1596).
Am'idas, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio ; the former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the wealthy Philtra. The two kffothers had each an island of equal size and value left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island of the
Sounger brother, and enroached on that elonging to Bracidas. When Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing, she forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier ; while Lucy, seeing herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island. It was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its contents and herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own by ri^t, and the question in dispute was sub- mitted to sir Ar'tegal. The wise arbiter decided, that whereas Amidas claimed as his own all the additions given to his island b}' the sea, Lucy mi^t claim as her own the chest, because the sea had
AWEL.
tt
AMMONIAN HORN.
given it to her. — Spenser, Faery Quoent V. 4 (1696).
Azn'iely in Dryden's Absalom and AcAitophelj is meant for a*r Edward Seymour, Speaker of the House of Com- mons.— (2 Sam, xxiii. 84.)
Who can Amkra tirmisa reftiMf Of Midaiit race by Mnh. but noM«r jret Id hit own worth, and without Mtlo gnat The aanhedrlm long time as chief he ruled. Their reaion guided, and their pavlon cooled.
rartL
A'min (Prmoe), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Kaschid ; he maricd Am'in^ sister of Zobeide (8 <y'<)i, ^« caliph^s wife. — Arabian Nightr Entertainments ("The History of Amine").
Ami'na, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to Elvi'no, a rich ntrmer, bnt being found the night before the wedding in the chamber of coont Rodolpho, fUvino looked upon her as a harlot. The connt remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were talking, the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along the nar- row edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly revolving ; she tiien crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same chamber. Here she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around him so lovingly, that all his doubts vanished, and he married her. — Bellini, La Sonnambuia (an opera, 1881).
Am'ine (8 sylX half-sister of Zo- bei'd6 (8 syl.)^ and wife of Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to pur- chase a robe, and the seller told her he would chai^ nothing if she would sufiFer him to kiss her cheek. Instead of kis- sing he bit it. and Amine, being asked bv her husband now she came by uie wouna, so shuffled in her answers that he com- manded her to be put to death, a sentence he aftetwards commuted to scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories of their lives to the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin became reconciled to his wife, and the caliph married her half-sister. — Arabian Ifig/Us' EfUertainments (" History of Zobeide and History of Amine '*).
Amine (8 syL) or Amines (3 syl.)y the beautiful wife of Sidi Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin for the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions. This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain on what his wife really fed, and to his
horror discovered that she was a ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the . cemetery, and feasted on the fresh-buried dead. — Ardbian Nights ("History of Sidi Nouman **).
One of the AmlnAi* aort. who plek op their pafaM of food with a hodUn.— a W. Hoinei, AiOtarut 9f «*• Brtaitfa»t-Tmbl*.
Amin'tor, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia, but by the king s command he marries Evad'ne (8 syl,). This is the great event of the tragedy of which Amintor b the hero. The sad story of Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play. — Beaumont and Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy (1610).
(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England chimed the feudal right of disposing in marriaj^ any one who owed them feudal allegiance. In AlCs Well that Ends Well^ Shakespeare makes the king of France exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count of Kousillon, to marrv agidnst his will Hel'- eua, the physician s daughter.)
Amis tbe Priest, the hero of a oomio German epic of the 1.1th century, repre- sented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humour, bnt ignorant and hypo- critical. His popularity excites the en- vy of the superior clergy, who seek to de- pose him from the priesthood by making public exposition of his ignorance, bnt oy his quickness at repartee he always manages to turn the laugh against them. Ascribed to Strieker of Austria.
Amlet (Richard), the gamester in
Yanbrugh's Confederacy (1695). He is
usuaUy called "Dick."
I aaw Mia Pope for the Moond tlma. In the year 17M. In the character of " Pllpfiaata.'' John Pahoer belna "Dick AjBlet." and Un. Jocdaa "OortMia."-Jainea Smith.
Mrs, Amlet, a rich, vulgar trades- woman, mother of Dick, of whom she is very proud, although she calls him a "sad scapegrace,** and swears "he will be hangiMl.** At last she settles on him £10,000, and he marries Corinna, daughter of Gnpe the rich scrivener.
Ammo'nian Horn ( The)j the cornu- copia. Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to his mbtress Amiuthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a tract of land resembling a ram's horn in shape, and hence called the " Ammonian horn " (from the giver), the " Amalthe'an horn " (from the receiver), and the " Hiaperian horn ** (from its local- ity). Almathea also personifies fertility.
AMMOirS SON.
AMPHITRYON.
(A»«on u Ham. son of Noah, fbnnder of tke Afrinm nee.) (See Amaltthsa.)
fHcra]
•r thal'AmoMaiaD kom. Mprnmiotk* Mmlmdt.
Am'monlB Son. Alexander the Groii called himaelf the son of tiie god A»»oa, \m% others call him ib» aoii of Philip of Maoedoa.
Of toi I iMBk «ldi PMIp't MM. OTiMlMr
T.tL
01
wUktMvoridMid
(Allnding to the tale that when Alex- ander had conquered the whole world, he wept that there was no other world to .)
A'mon's Son it Rinaldo, eldest ■oa of Amon or Armon marqnla d*£ste, and nephew of Cnarlemagne. — ^Arioato, OHmdo Furum (1616).
Amoref t» or Am'oret. twin-bom with Belpbaebd (3 sy/.)> their mother bcmg Ghfyaog'ond (4 «y/.). While the fmrttur and her two babes were asleep) Diana took one (BelpluBbS) to bring np, and Venns the other. Venus committed Amontta to the cham of Psychd (1 mC), and Psjcfad tended her as loringly as me tended her own daoghter Pleasure, *^to whom she became the companion.** When grown to marriageable estate. AiMnetta was brought to Fairyland, and woaaded many a heart, but f^ve her own only to nr Scudamore (bk. iiL 6). Being seimd by Bn'sirane, an enchanter, she was kept in dnmice by himlwcaase she would •ot ^'her true lovedAy ; ** but Britomart dcfircred her amr bonnd the enchanter (bk. iiL 11, I2)t after which she became the tender^ loving wife of sir Scudamore.
Aawtt IS the t^pe of female loveliness mi wifely affection, soft, warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent ; not sensual nor yet plttoaic, but that liviiu^, breathing, vana-hearted love which fits woman for tiH fond mother and faithful wife. — Spenser, Fbery Qtuen, til. (1590).
Am'oret^ a modest, faithful shep- herdess, who i^ij^ted her troth to Per'igot rr sounded) at the ** Virtuous WeH.** ihe wanton shepherdess AmariUis, having by snrhaiitiiieni assumed her appearance sad dicsB, so disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, diat he lost his love for the true Aaioret, repulsed her with indignation, sad tried to kill her. The deception was revealed oy CorOn, *< the faithful shep- beidsss,** and the lovers being reconciled, wese hamily married. — John Fletcher^ Tiu FaUhfMl SKephtrdeu (before 1611).
Amoor'y {Sir QUes), the Gmnd* Master of the Kni^ts TempUrs. who conspires with the marquis of Mont- serrat against Richard I. oaladin cuts oft the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.— Sir W. Scott, TU Talitman (time, Richard I.).
Am'peraancU acorroption oiAnd-at^ andj i,e, " «fc-as-and." The symbol is the old Italian monomm et (**and'*), made thus 6*, in which uie first part is the letter s and the flourish at the end the letter t.
MMtn't amtain the i O nur nlM Uttk vapemad i Kottiliig IkM CMmm ev«r pi
Qooced la JMm aiHf 0mHm (Miy Bb UTTi
(Cadmus invented the original Greek alphabet.)
Am'phibal (^.), confessor of St Alban of Verulam. When Maxlmia'nus Hercttlitts, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled down the Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death the Christians with unflsmng zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and ^red to die for him.
A Ihn— il other minti wbom AwphBid had taoAt . . . Ware iMn when Lkhteld b. whoM bmm SotJt rishOr
(ThtraordkMChfMMisatalsK "DMS-tdd-orburytaf. gnooiid.
DnfUm, P^lpoMtm, xxtr. (ISM).
Amphi'on is said to have built Thebes oy the music of his lute. Tenny- son has a poem called Ampkkm^ a skit and rh3'ming7'^ Setprit.
AmphkMi than th* load eriatliw tno StrikM. and briiold a MiildM TbebM a . Po|M, Twmt^*^ .
Amphis-bsdna^ a reptile which could
go head foremost either wa^r, because it
had a head at each extremity. Milton
uses the word in Paradm Lost, x. 524.
(Greek, ampi baino, " 1 go both ways.**)
Iha aBi|iai»4MMia douNjr annod afipaan. At oIUmt and a thnateninj b«ad iM nan. Bowo. PkarmlU^ tat. S8S. He. (by Lucaa).
Amphitiyon, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'nd (3 sy/.). While Amphitryon was absent at war with Pterelas king of the Tel'ebOans, Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmen^, who in due time became the mother of Her'cuUs. Next day Amphitryon re- turned, having slain Pterelas, and AlcmenS was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a ^reat entanglement arose, Alc- meng telhog her husband he visiiod her last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon declaring he was with the array. This confusion is
AHREET.
84
ANACHRONISMS.
itill further increased by his slave Sos'ia» who went to take to Alcmend the news of victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out whether he was himself or not. This plot has lieen made a comedy by Plautus, Molibre, and Dryden.
TIm ac«iMs which Pbntm drav. to-ntght ve ihow.
ToudMd bgr UoUkn. bf Dr)d<n uuglit to glov.
pn^offu* to Uawktmmik't iwrtkm.
As i»n ArophltiTOii 6ket fui ton dint, no ooe taiowt beitar than OukU tk* umofa rtdttrtht diniMr.— I. YatM,
^^ Amphitryon'' : Le v^itabU AmM- tryon est t Amphitryon ou Con dine ("The master of the feast is the master of the house "). While the confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphi- tryon, Socie [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and replied —
J> no mo trompob pas. nwlwiw; cemottMinliM Toute rtrr^tolatioa ; Le rMUkbie AmphttiTon Itt l'Ajnphlu>on oft Ton dlnfc
llolUre. Amphitrpotu UL S (1668).
Demoathenet and Ctoero Ara doobtlaa stately luunM to haftr,
Bui that of good Amphitryon Sounds fax more pleaMUit to my aar.
M. A. Dteugim am-tBBO).
Amree't, the drink which imparts immortality, or the Water of ImmorUlity. It is obtained by churning the sea, either with the mountain Meroo or with the mountain Mandar.— JfoAodAaroi.
" Bring forth tbo Amreota-eup • " Kobama cried To Yamen. rlshi« stem)/ In hb pride : " It is within the marble sepukhre." ... **Tkket drlnkl* with accentsdrcad the spectre said. ** For thee and KaUgal hath it been assigned. Ye only of the diiUren of nMnkiiid."
Bouthcy. Cunt qf Kthama, zxlv. IS (1806).
Am'ri, in Absalom and Achitophely by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage Fmch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor, lie is called "The Father of Equity" (1621-1682).
1V> whom the double Messing did bdong. With Mosci' injidiathm. Aaron's tongue.
Part U.
Amtm'deville {Lord Henry)^ one of the " British privy council." After the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where he entertained a select and numerous party, amongst which were the duchess of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan "the Russian envoy." His wife was hwiy Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70, 71.)— Byron, Don Juan, xiu. to end.
Am'urath III. sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father, Selim 11.,
ond reigned 1574-1695. His first act was to invite all his brothers to a banquet, and |
strangle them. Henry I V. allades to thk
when he says —
IMs b the EngUsh. not the TnrUsh eoorti Mot Amurath an AnMinth mooeeds.
Amusements of Kings, "nie great amusement of Aritas of Arabia Petnea, was currying horses ; otArtoMnM of Persia, was mole-catching ; of Dom^t%an of Rome, was catching flies; of Ferdinand VIL of Spain, was embroidering petti- coats: of Louis XVL clock and lock making; of George IV, the game of patience.
Amyn'tas, in Cdin Goufs Come Nome Again, by Spenser, u Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1694.
Amyntas. flower of shepherd** pride foriorn. Be. whilst he IItW. wa* the noWesl swain That e»er plp*d on an oaten qoilL Spenser. C^Um Clouft Comt Bomt A fain (IflBl).
Amyn'tor. (See Amijitor.)
A'mys and Amyl'ion, the Danaon and Pythias of medi«val romance— See Ellis's Specimens of Early English Metricai Bomanoes,
Anab'asls, the expjedition of the younger Cyrus against his brother Arta- ierxes, and the retreat of hw "ten thousand" GreekSj described by ien- ophon the Greek historian.
Your chronWer in writing tills Had in his akind th' Anabaria ^_.... LongfaDow. Tht WajftU* tnn (an Intasfeide).
Anaoharsis [CJlootal. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the prenome ot Anacharsis, from the Scythian so caUed, who travelled about Greece and oUier countries to gather knowledge and im- prove his own countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own object in life was like that of Ana- charsis (1756-1794). Anaohronisms. (See Ebrobs.) Chaucer, in his tale of TVot/us, at the siege of Troy, makes Pandfaus refer to B3bin Hood,
And to hhnselfe ftd soberly be saled. Fromhasdlwood Uiere joUy Robin Pl*!^ ^
Giles Fletcher, in Chris's Victory, pt. ii. makes the Tempter seem to be **a good old hermit or palmer, travelling to see some saint, and Uiting his beads 1 1
Lodge, in The True Tragedies of Marms and Sylla (1694), mentions "the razor of Palermo" and "St. Pauls steeple," and introduces Frenchmen who »♦ for forty crowns " undertake to poison .he Roman consul.
ANACHBONISHS.
86
ANAGRAMS.
HoRGijiT makes Dido tell iEneas thai ibe ihoald have been contented with • ■on, eren *' if he had been a oockney dimdiprat'* (1582).
ScHiLLKK, in hit Piccolomim^ Bpeaks •f ligktmmg ctmdmctcrs. This was aboat 150 rears before they were invented.
Shakespkark, in his Ooriolantts (act ii. le. 1), makes If oienias refer to ^oitfaabove 600 years before he was bom.
Cominius alludes to Soman playt^ but as such things were known for 250 years sfter the death of Cominius. — CorioCaoMU^ act iL sc 2.
Bratos refers to the " MiMrdan icatera brought to Borne by Censorinns.** This was not done till SCO years afterwards.
la Hamiet^ the prince Uanilet was educated at WUtemberg School^ which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo- Gennanicns, from whom Shakespeare bor- lowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was 90 years old when his mother talks if his going back to school (act L sc. 2^.
la 1 Henry /K. the earner complains tluit '* the turkeys in his pannier arc Quite starred** (act iL icS), whereas tunceys GsoM from America, and tiie New AVorld WS8 not even discovered for a centun' tfter. Again in Henry V, Gower is made to say to Fluellen, ** Here comes Pistol, swelhng like a turkey-cock ^ (act v. sc 1). la JtUtHS Onar^ Brutus says to Gmrus, *' Peace, count the dock."* To vkich Csasius replies, "The clock has itrickeD three.** (blocks were not known to the Komans, and striking-clocks were Boi invented till some 1400 years after the desth of Cesar.
YiB6ii< places iEneas in the port Tdinns, which was made by Curins Deatitaa.
This list with ver^ little trouble Mif^t be greatly multiplied. The hotbed i( Maehioniams is mediieral romance; Ifaeie nations, times, and places are most leeklasslv disregarded. This may be instsoced by a few examples from Arioeto's great poem Orlando Furioso.
Here we have Charlemagne and his wlsdins joined by Edward king of h^and, Richaid earl of Warwick, Menry duke of Clarence, and tiie dukes m. York and Gloucester (bk. vL). We have eaanoas employed by Cymosco king of Frim (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Vtra (bk. vt.;. We have the Moors mablisbed in Spain, whereas they were sot invited over by the Sarscens for Msriy dOO years after Charlemapie's destfa. la bk. xvii. we have Prester John,
who died in 1202 ; and in the last three books we have Ck)nstantine the Great, who died in 337.
Anao'reon, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that songs on these subjects are still called Anac- reon'tic (b.c. 563-178).
Anacreon of PamterSj Francesco Al- b&no or Albalii (1578-1660).
Anacreon of the GmUoUne^ Bertrmd Bar^re de yieu2ac (1755-1841).
Anacreon of the Tempie^ Guillanme Amfrye, abbe de Chanlieu (1639-1720).
Anacreon of the Ticcifth Century ^ Walter MapcSj " The Jovial Toper." His &mous drinking song, ** Meum est pro- positum . . ."has been translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).
The French Anacreon. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad poete" (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual pre- sident of the Cavettu Modemc^ a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member was of necessity a poet (1727- 181 n.
The Persian Anacreon, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is called The Divan (1310-1389).
The SicUian Anacreon, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).
Anacreon Moore, Thomas Moors of LhibUn (1780-1852), poet, called** Anac- reon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own original anacreontic songs.
OMcribcd bf Mahonet sod Anacfcoa Moon.
Bjnoa. Jfom Juan, L 101
^4T^ftl^AT^^^a^ crowns of flowers.
with Angen noftt and Sao BntOMUMtems Ui^ maka.
Dcajrtoa. JVyoWwi. xv. (lfU9.
Anagna& InchasUty personified in Tfte Furpie Island, by Phmeas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Msechus (adultery) , Pomei'us (fomi' cotton), Acath'arus, and Asel'ges (/oscrrioMS- «tf8«),allof whom are fully described by the poet. In the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a {wifely chastity), the spouse of Encra'tcs {t4mi' pcrcnce) and sister of Parthen'ia {mat' dtmly chastity. (Greek, an-iu^nos, ** im- pure.") (1633.)
Anagrams.
Charles Jambs Stuart (James 1.). i Claims Arthur^s Seat. '
Damb Elkaxor Da vies (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). Aever so mad a hdist
ANAH.
Horatio Nelson. Honor est Nilo.
Maris Touchbt (mistress of Chiirles IX.)* </<? charme tout (made by Henri IV.).
Pilate's question, Quid est Ybritas ? E$t vir qui adest.
Sir Rogbr Charles Douohtt Tich- borne. Baronet. You horrid butcher^ Orton, biggest rasoal here,
A'nah, granddaughter of Oin and
sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved her,
but she had set her heart on the seraph
Azaz'iei, who carried her off to another
planet when the Flood came. — Byron,
Heaven and Earth,
Anah and AholllMinah are t«7 dUforant dianicten: Anab in Hit. gentle, and aibmiMlre; bcr aiater b prood, tnipertoiu, and aspiring; the one knring In fear, uU other in ambition. 8be fean that ber lore uiaka* b«r "heart grow iravloiiB,'' and that riie wondiim the awaph rather than the Creator.— Ed. Ijrtloa Bulver (Lord Lxtton).
Anak of Publisliers, so John Murray was called by lord Byron (1778- 1843).
An'aMm or Anak, a giant of Pales- tine, whose descendants were terrible for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.
I felt the thewa of Anaklm. The {tuliM of a Titan's heart.
Tennyion, In Jfeiaertem, UL
(The Titans were giants, who, ac> cording to classic fable, made war with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 syL)
Anamnes'tes (4 sjy/.), the boy who waited on Eumnestes (Memory). Eum- ne.stds was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a ** man of infinite remembrance, who Uiings foregone through many ages held," but when unable to "fet** what he wanted, was helped by a little boy vclept Anamnostus, who sought out for him what **was lost or laid amiss.** ((ireek. eumnestis, ** good memory j " anamnestis, ** research or calling up to mind.")
And oft when thlnsi were loet or laid ambs. That bojr them MMiicht and onto bim did lead ; Therefore be AnaniiHntse olepAd ii. And that old man Bumnestet.
Speneer. rairg Quetn, IL 9 (1800).
Anani'as, in The Alchemist^ a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).
Benjamin Jobneon (165M742) . . . nemed to be
Croud to wear the poet's double name, and was partlcu- iriY ffvat In all that author's plujrs that w«:re usually performed, rlz.. "Wasp," "Oorbacdo." "Morose." and " Aneolis."— Cfietwood.
(" Wasp " in Bartholomew Fair, " Clor- baccio** in Tlie Fox, "Morose** in The Siient Womany all by B. Jonson.)
Anarohus, king of the Dipsodcs
AN(X)R.
^2 syiX defeated by Pantag'ruel, who oressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag.** The prince gave the wedding feast, wmch consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife, being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and the ex-t3nrant did not dare call his soul his own.** — Rabelais, Fan- tagruei, ii. 31 (1533).
Anasta'siiiB, the hero of a novel called Memoirs of Anastamu, by Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It b the autobi<^japhy of aGreekj who, to escape the consequences of his cnmes and villainies, becomes a rcn^ade, and passes through a long series of adventures.
Fiction has but few pleturse whkfa wfll bear eomparlson with thai of AnastMlus. sitting on the steps oT the ksaretto of Trieste, with his djrlDg bojr In his anai.— Mmeifc Brit. Art. ** Romance."
Anastasiua Grtin, the nom d$ pivane of Anton Alexander von Auerspeig, a German poet (1806-1876).
Anasterax, brother of Ni^nee [««.- Aa.y], with whom he lives in incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her god-<laughter from this allianoe, enchanted her. — Amadis de Gaul,
Anazar'te (4 syl.), the Am'adis of Greece, a supplemental part of the Por- tuguese romance called Amadis of Gaul [Wales^. The supplemental romance was written by Feliciano de Silva.
An'oho, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese, converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with terror. The Ancho hates church bells.
Anchora. A frigate has six: — (1)
the cock-hUl anchor, forward; (2) uie kedger, aft ; ^3) the flood anchor, towards the open ; (4) the ebb anc/ior ; (5) the bower anchor, to starboard ; (6) the siteei anchor, to larboard or port.
Ancient Mariner (The), by Cole- ridge. For the crime of having shot an albatross (a bird of good omen to sea- men) terrible sufferings are visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance ; but he is doomed to wan- der over the earth and repeat his story to others as a warning lesson.
An'oor, a river of Leicestershire, run- ning through Harshul, where Michael
AND ABX TS SUBS.
ANDR0NICU8.
Dnijtea was botn. Hflooe Win. BrowiM calli htm the ■hepbeidY
win m th* tenlB oC Aaeor taMd hli piM.
Bi ttnmni\t'i Pii^ii iifi. TH pnH
Andareyeaure. . . (SmBut...)
An'deraon (Eppie), « serruit at the inn of St. RoDeii*8 Well, held by Meg Dods.^Sir W. Scott, St, BomuC* Well (tiiBe, Geoige III.)*
Andr^ (2 ^.)> Petit-Andr^ and Troia Echellea are the execiitioiien of Louis XI« €i Fiance. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in QuetUm Dwrword and of Qeknieh^
Attdrff the hero and title of n novel by Geoige Sand (Mde. Doderant). This ■ordaad that called ConsueiolA syl.) are eonsidered her best (18a4:-1876).
AnVlrQA Ferra'ra, a sword, so called from a famoas Italian sword- Biaker of the name. Strictly speaking, eoly a bio«d-sword or claymore ahoold be •o called.
Ao4r«w Wt hmd at m darii iU79U
Andie'os. Fortitude personified in 7%e FmrpU lilami, by Phmeas Fletcher (csnto X.). " None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, bat to die yielding none more ■vcetly kind.** (Greek, amSia or andlreia,
Uttrwrn
u
•)
An'diew, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.— Sir W. Icott, Gw^ JOarmermg (time, (>eofge II.).
AndrewSL a private in the royal army 9i the duke of Monmouth.— Sir W. Scott, Old Mortaiity (time, Charles IL).
Amirtm {Joteph)^ the hero and title •f s novel by Fielding. He is a footman wiio marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of [Kicbardson s] ** Pamela,** a handsome, model young
knwctr and tpoi qnaBtlM, M to the dop. bb licmvwjr bi
of Um countx. aiMl hb brlbas aaS tanpuuko. kave
nfrMklas ta Ih^r tmimti and frinhiuMi aod <mm la Iwuar of tbat twinboinff jrounf baro.
Androdus and the Ijion. An- drodos was a runaway Roman slave, who took refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, sad instead of tearing him to pieces, lifted up its fore paw that Androdus mijght extract from it a thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fi^ with a lion in the Roman arena, ud It so hai^ieoed that the very same
lioQ was let out against him ; it instantly secognized its benefactor, and bc^^ tc fkwn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The story bdng told of this strange behaviour, Androclas was fortiiwith set free.
A somewhat similar anecdotf is told of sir George Davis, English consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear, than the beast manifested every
Smptom of }oy. Sir Geoige enterecl e cage, when the creature leaped on his shoul&r, licked his face, wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up.
Andromadhe [An.dh)m'.a.%], widow
of Hector. At the downfall of Tror both she and her son Asty'anaz were allotted to lyrrhus king of Epirus, and IVrrhus fell m love with her, but she repelled his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orest^ son of Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Asty^anax should be given up ai|d put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his fatber^s death. Pvrrhus told Audio- machi that he wonldprotect her son in defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were going on the ambassadors rushed on Fjrrrhus and slew him, but as he fell he pjaced the crown on the head of Andro- mache who thus became the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in flight. — Ambrose Philips, ne Distresmd Mother (1712).
%♦ Andromache was a favourite part with Charlotte Clarke, daughter of (>>Ile> Gibber (1710-1760), and with Mrs. Yates (1787-1787).
Androni'oa, one of Logistilla*s hand- maids, noted for her beauty. — ^Ariosto, Orlando Furiom (1516).
Androni'cus ( Tttui)y a noble Roman general against the (voths, father of La- vin'ia. In the play so called, published amongst those of Shakespeare, the word all through is called Andron'km (1598).
Marcus AndronictUf brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.
ANDROPHILtrS.
88
ANGEUQUE.
Androph'lluB, PhilAnthropy per- sonified in The Purple Iskmdf by Phineas Fletcher (1688). Fully described in canto X. (Greek, Andro-phUoSf " a lover of mankina.")
An'eal (2 tyL), daughter of Ma&'ni, who loves Djabal, and bmeves him to be "hakeem"' (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses) returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to Syria from exile in the Spo'rad^. When, however, she discovers his imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment. — ^Robert Browning, The £eiwn qf the Druses,
AneeL When the Rev. Mr. Patten, vicar m. Whltstable, was dying, the arch- bishop of Canterbury sent him £10 ; and the wit said, " Tell his grace that now I own him to be a man of God, for I have seen his angeis"
To irrite like an Angela that is like Angel [Vergecios] , a Greek of the fifteenth century, noted for his caligraphv.
Vcmge de DieiA, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of the Cami- sards.
Angels (Orders of). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the frst circle ; Thrones and Dominions, in the second circle ; Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Arch- angels, and Angds, in the third circle.
Norem Angrkjrum onUiiM dicimui. quia vkMicet ena, tafUott w«ro •tuquto. Kliniis Aiweloa. ArcimimeUw, Vlr- tuto. PotMUtaa, PriDchwtiia. DotniojitkHicc. Tbroaot, CheruMin. iuqim 8«ipbi0i.-43t. Qnton the Gtmt, HomaptL
(See Hymns Ancient and Modern^ No. 268, ver. 2, 8.)
Angels' Visits. Norris of Bemertoa (1667-1711) wrote-^ose joys which
SooDMt take tlMir flight Are Um meet exqnlilte and itroag. Like angele' rkita, ehort aad bright
Robert Blair, in 1748, wrote in his poem called T/ie Grave, "in visits'*
Uke tboee of anfela. abort and te between.
^ Campbell, in 1799, appropriated the
simile, but without improving it, wrote —
Like angaV rUta, few and fer between.
AngePioa, in Bojardo's Orlando In- namorato (1495), is daughter of Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls m love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory. Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately loves Itiiuldo,
who |)ositivelv dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo arink of certun fountains, when tibe opposite effects are produced in their hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Ange- lica, while Angelica loses all love for Rinaldo.
Anaelica, in Ariosto's Orlando Fmrioso, ri516) is the same lady, who marries MedOro, a youi^ Moore, and returns to Outhay, where Medoro succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy and pride.
The fehreat of her aet, Angalka,
. . . Bought br tamaif proweat knliJkti.
Both palnim and the peeca of Cbarlanagne.
MUtoo. /■torwfiie Magmimd, Itt. (UJtL
Angelica {The prinoess)^ called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the second part of Parismus Prince of Bohemia^ by Emanuel Foord (1598).
AngeVica, an heiress with whom Va- lentine L^end is in love. For a time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts ; but Angelica gets possession of a bond for £4000, and tears it. Th« money difliculty bein^ adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably. — ^W. Con- gieve, Lvfoefor Lwe (1695).
(Mn. Anne Bnoegtrdle] eqaalty Minted In meltlnc tMMlerneai and plarful coquetry. In "Btatlm* or " MiUa- ■uuit ;" and eren atan advanced age. when die plared "Angelka."— CL Dlhden.
Angelica, the troth-pli^t wife of Yalere, "the gamester." She gives him a pic- ture, and enjoins him not to part wiui it on ptiin of forfeiting her lumd. How- ever, he loses it in pmy, and Angelica in disguise is the winner of it. A^r much tribulation, Yalere is cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage. —Mrs. Centlivre, The Oamester (1705).
Angeli'na, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called The Elder Brother , by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).
Angelina, daughter of don Channo. Her father wanted her to marry Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged hims^ to Elvira of Lisbon, the testv old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of Angelina with Carlos.— C. Cibber, ijove Makes a Man,
Aneelique' (8 syl.)^ daughter of A rgan ihemaiadeimaginaire. Her lover is Cl^te
AN6EUQX7E.
89
ANGUISANT.
fS iffl). In order to prore whether his vife or daughter loved him the better, Aigan pffctended to be dead, whereapon the wife rejoiced greatly that the was relieTed of a "di«gustiiig creature^** hated br ereiy one ; bat the daughter grieved as if her heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcoming and vowed to devote the rest of her lift) m prajer for the repose trfhiasooL Aigan, oeing assured of his daoghtei't love, ^ve his free consent to her marriage with Cl^ante. — Moli^re, Malade Imagimakr^ (1673).
il]i9«lK}ii& the aristocratie wife of George Daadin, a French commoner. She has a luiaon with a M. Clitandre, bat always coeteives to tarn the tables on her hus- band. Georjee Dandin first bears of a icndexvoos nom one Labin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays the affiair before M. and Mde. SotenviUe, his wife's parenta. The baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accu- sation, and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catdxes his wife and Clitandre togetiier, and sends at once for M. and Mde. SotenviUe; but Angeliqne, aware of their presence, pre- tenids to denounce her lover, and even takes up a stick to bnt him for the " in- sult offered to a virtuous wife ; ** so again the parents declare their dau^ter to be the very paragon of women. Lastlv, George Dandin detects his wife and Cli- tandre together at night-time, and succeeds in rfiatting his wife out of her room ; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, sod wImu George goes for a light to look for the bodjTt she rushes into her room and shnts mm out. At this crisis the Darents arrive, when Angelique accuses aer husband of being out all ni^t in a dfhsncfa; and he is made to b^ her nudon en his knees. — ^Moliere, Qtorge Iktmlin (1668).
An'gelovin Mecuurefdr Maasttre, lord dqmty of IHenna in the absence of Vin- ceatio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio, but Lis designs were foiled by the duke, who eoBpelled him to marry Mariana. — Shakespeare (1608).
Arij»eU>^ a gentleman, friend to Julio in TV Captaoi^ a drama by Beaumont and Fletdier (1613).
Anger . . . the Alphabet. It was Athcnodo'nia the Stoic who advised
Augustus to repeat &e alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to anger.
Vn certain One dl«it k rMnpereur AqgiMte. Ooinae one lastmelloa atlk autuit qm Jiwte. Om. lonqa' mm aventara «n eoUre nout bmC Noof devout, arant loat, dire noU« alphabet.
Afln aue dam oe umpe la bOe •• temptre. la'oo ne Gmm rtan qae fon ne doira fibv.
Kqa*)
MoUn^rfcetedM
0.4(1681).
Amgioli'na (4 9\jL)^ daughter of Loreda'na, and the young wife of Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Midiel Steno, having behaved in- decently to some of Uie women assembled at the great, civic banquet given by the doge, wss kicked out of the house by order of the doge^ and in revenge wrote some Bcnrrilons lines against the do^ ressa. This insult was referred to ** The Forty,** and Steno was sentenced to two months* imprisonment, which the doge considered a very inadequate punishment for the offence. — Byron, Marino Faticro.
The character of Uie calm. pure-Bpbited Anglollna b developed moat admlrablr. The great diflbreoee betveen her temper and that ot her flerr hmband k vivldir per- ln*ed, but not leaa vividly toudted is that BtrMig bond *4 union which exUta in the common nobteneaof Ihelr deep aatorea. There k no epark of Jealoosv in the oU muin^ thooghtib He doea not expect the iarvoor of vouthftd paaakm in hia jroung vile ; but be finds what bCtr better— the fearlea oonSd«aoa of one so Innocent that abe can aearoaljr beSeve in Um eadatenee of xuiiC ... She tbiniu Bteno'a fraateat puniahnient wiU be " the btaisbea of hb priraqr.*— Loekhart.
Anglan'te's liord, Orlando, who was lord of AnglantS and kni^t of Brava. — ^Ariosto, Orlando Furio90 (1516).
An'glesey, •>. Angles ek-land (the island of the English). Edwin king of Northumberland, "warred with them that dwelt in the Isle of Mona, and they became his servants, and the island was no longer called Mona, but Anglesey, the isle of the English.'*
An'^lides (3 tv/.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 syl.)^ brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall {**the falsest traitor that ever was bom **K When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce {ue, Arundel)f where she lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honour of knighthood. — SirT. Malor}*, Hist. ofPr, Arthwr, u. 117, 118 (1470).
An'glo-ma'nia, generally applied to a French or German imitation of the manners, customs, eto., of the English. It prevailed in France some time l^ore the first Revolution, and was often ex- tremely ridiculous.
An'ffuisant, king of Erin {Ireland)^ subdued by king A rthur, fighting in behalf
AHQULB.
40
ANNIE WINNIE.
of Leod'ogmn king of Oam'eluud (8 ayl,), —Tennyson, Commg of King Artkwr,
An^Tule {St,)f bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nns HercaHius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.
Bt. Angul* pat to d«Uh. one of our boU«rt nMO, At Lowton, of thAt ne th« fodlr blriiop then.
DnjrUMi, PolgotUon, udr. (IStt).
AnffUrva'del, Frithiofs sword, in- scribed with Runic chaimctars, which bUzed in time of war, bat gleamed dimly in time of peace.
AnimiLW admitted to Heaven. According to the Moslem's creed, ten animals are admitted into paradise besides man. 1. The dog Kratim, of the seven sleepers of Ei^esus. 2. Balaam's ass, which reproved the disobedient prophet. 8. Solomon's ant, which reproves the slnggard. 4. Jonah's whale. 5. The ram of Ismael, caught by the horns, and offered in sacrifice instead of Isaac. 7. The camel of Saleb. 8. The cuckoo of Belkis. 9. The ox of Moses. 10. The animal called Al Borak, which conveyed Mahomet to heaven.
The following are sometimes added or substituted : — 'Hit ass on which our Saviour rode into Jerusalem ; the ass on which the queen of Sheba rode when she visited Solomon.
AnjOU ( The Fair Maid of), lady Edith Plant^net, who married David earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a kinswoman of Richard Cceur de Lion, and an attendant on queen Bercngaria.
%* Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in The Taiitman (1825).
Ann ( Theprmcess)^ lady of Beaujeu. — Sir W. Scott, Quentin iWiMirt/ (time, Edward IV.).
Anna (/>onna), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by don Gio- vannL — ^Mozart's opera, Iktk Giovanni (1787).
An'nabel, in Absalom and Aoki' topAeif by Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott (countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her faithless husband.
WiUi Mcret Jojr tndulctnt DatU iCkartm //.j viowed
HU )roath(ktl linac« in bb ton renewed ;
To all hk wlshee iioUitng be denied.
And made the cbamiog Apnabel hia bride.
PMtL
An'naple [Bailzou], Effie Dean's
"monthly" nurse.— Sir W. Soott, Beari of Midtotkian (time, George II.).
An'naple, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of iho Heugh-foot, a young farmer. — Sir W. Scot^ Ute Black Dvcarf (time, Anne).
Anne (Sigter)^ the sister of Fafima the seventh and last wife of Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the locked chamber, is lUlowed a short respite before execution. Sister Anne ascends the high tower of the casUe, with the hope of seeing her brothers, who were expected to arrive every mo- ment. Fatima, in her agony, keeps ask- ing ** sister Aime" if she can see them, and Blue Beard keeps crying out for Fa- tima to use greater despatch. As the patience of boUi is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from death. — Oiarles Pemult, La Barbe Bieue,
Anne, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendxagon, and her mother Yffema, widow of Gorlols. She was given by her brother in marriage to LoL consul of Londonesia, and after- wards kin^ of Norway. — Geoffrey, British BistorVf viii. 20, 21.
\* In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse {History of Prince Arthur. L 2) ; Tennyson calls her Belli- cent (Garetn and Lynette), In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king of Orkney.
A»iM« Queen Anma'sFain^ Tour thumb to your nose and fingers spread.
Annette, daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian, captain of the patroL— J. E. Ware» The Polish Jew.
Annette and Iiubin, by Marmon- tel, imitated from the Ik^niM aad Chloe of Longos {q.v,),
An'nio Ijau'rie, eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Lajurie, of Max- welton. In 1709 she married James Fer- gusson, of Craigdarroch, and was the mother of Alexander Fer;^usson^the hero of Bums's son|{ The WhtstU. The sung of An»Ue Laurte was written by William Douglas, of Fiogland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song Willie was a Wanton Wag, (See Whistle.)
An'nie Win'nie, one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death ; the other was Ailsie Gouriay.— Sir W. Scott;, The Bride of Lammermoor (time, William UJ.).
ANNUL
41
ANTHONKX
Annir, km^ at Inu-thon* (an island «f Scandinavia). HebadtiroBon8(An[on ad Rao) and one dauf^ter. One day Ow^nalo, a neighbouring diief, came and bcgiged the honour of a tournament. AifOB ffrauted the requeat, and overthrew Um, w&di ao vexed Uomialo that daring a hcnt be ihot both the l»otberB secretly vifih hit bow. Their dog Bona ran to the palace, and howkd so as to attract attention ; whereupon Annir followed the hound, aiid found both his sons dead, sad on his return he fnrtiier found that Conaalo had carried off his daui^ter. Oscar, son €»f Oasian, led an army against the villain, and slew him ; then kberating the young hidy, he took her back to Inis- ttoas, and deuvered her to her father. — (M The War of Inis-thona '').
An*iiophel, daughter of Cas'silane (8 Ml.) general of Candy. — ^Beaumont and Fletcher, JTke Lam of Candy (1647).
A-na^l-m prior* of St. Dominic, the
confessor of king Henry lY. — Sir W.
Scott, Th* Fa^Jlaid of Ftrik (Ume, Hmry IV.).
AuMAlTnA (2 tyl,)^ father of Yal^ (S ^.) and Mariane (8 syU), In reality be IS aoo Thomas d*Alburci, of Naples. The fiunily were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked wefe all parted. Yalbre was picked up bT a Snanish captain, who adopted him ;
ilsnane
fell into the hands of a corsair, who krat her a captive for ten years, when ibe elraeted her escape; and Anselme vaadered from place to place for ten ^euB, when he settled in Puis^ and ■tended to marry. At the expiration of ■xteoi years they all met in Paris at the honse of Har'pajgon, the miser. Yalbte WIS in love with Elise (^ syL)f the